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PLOS Genetics:中科院上海生科院发表肺癌新成果

2014-04-17 佚名 不详

2014年4月10日,中科院上海生命科学研究院分子生物学国家重点实验室的惠静毅研究员带领的研究小组,在PLOS Genetics发表题为“The RNA-Binding Protein QKI Suppresses Cancer-Associated Aberrant Splicing”的研究论文,指出RNA结合蛋白QKI可抑制肺癌相关的异常剪接,将QKI确定为肺癌细胞中一种关键的可变剪接调节

2014年4月10日,中科院上海生命科学研究院分子生物学国家重点实验室的惠静毅研究员带领的研究小组,在PLOS Genetics发表题为“The RNA-Binding Protein QKI Suppresses Cancer-Associated Aberrant Splicing”的研究论文,指出RNA结合蛋白QKI可抑制肺癌相关的异常剪接,将QKI确定为肺癌细胞中一种关键的可变剪接调节因子和一种可能的预后标记。

本文通讯作者惠静毅研究员,1993年毕业于复旦大学微生物系,2003年在德国Justus-Liebig-University Giessen获得博士学位,2008年回国后任中科院上海生化与细胞所研究员,研究组长,研究方向为RNA加工的调控与功能。本研究的其他研究机构还包括复旦大学生命科学学院和生物医学研究所。这项研究受到国家基础研究计划和国家自然科学基金的资助支持。

肺癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因。由于缺乏可检测的早期症状和有限的治疗方案,大多数患者的5年生存率仍然不佳。因此,需要更全面的调查来了解肺癌发生的分子机制,以发现可靠的早期标志物和有效的治疗靶标。

可变的前体mRNA剪接,是提高蛋白质组多样性和调节基因表达的一个关键机制,通过这一过程可以从一个单一基因产生许多个mRNA变体。异常剪接可导致许多人类疾病,包括癌症。在癌症发生发展的过程中,剪接程序连同其他层次的基因表达程序,很容易发生实质性的改变。RNA结合蛋白的很大一部分可以作为剪接调节因子,通过识别位于外显子或内含子的调控元件,影响剪接部位选择,并与剪接体或其他剪接调节因子相互作用。

剪接调节因子在肿瘤中的作用,可通过一个SR蛋白SRSF1得以最好的证明,这个蛋白充当原癌基因的作用。SRSF1的过度表达,可部分地通过调节候选基因(参与信号转导和细胞凋亡的基因)的可变剪接,导致不朽的纤维母细胞和乳腺上皮细胞发生转化。其他的剪接调节因子,例如RBFOX2、hnRNP H、PTB,已被证明可控制癌症相关的剪接改变。许多剪接因子在正常和肿瘤组织之间表现出差异表达,但是它们在癌症发展过程中的功能和靶标仍然还不明确。

异常剪接已经涉及到肺癌的发生。事实上,在使用微阵列芯片或深度测序技术的几个全基因组分析中,已经发现了一些肺癌相关的剪接事件。然而,我们对于引起肿瘤发生的功能重要剪接事件,以及导致肺癌异常剪接的机制,仍然没有充分的了解。

为了探究控制肺癌相关剪接变化的剪接调节因子,研究人员在Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)数据库收集的微阵列数据中调查了59个已知剪接调节因子,发现RNA结合蛋白Quaking (QKI)是肺癌组织中最常见的下调剪接因子。QKI是一个保守的STAR((signal transduction and activation of RNA)家族蛋白,在胚胎发育和产后发育过程中发挥至关重要的作用。QKI包含一个STAR结构域,该结构域是由一个maxi-KH RNA结构域和两个侧翼QUA结构域(QUA1和QUA2)、几个SH3结合位点和一个富含酪氨酸的尾巴组成。

QKI基因编码至少3个蛋白亚型(QKI-5、-6和-7),在小鼠和人类中,这些亚型通过可变剪接产生。QKI-5亚型是一个核质穿梭蛋白,但是大多发现于细胞核内。QKI-6和-7亚型只定位在细胞质中。QKI蛋白受发育调节,在成人肺部、脑部、心脏和睾丸中高表达。QKI蛋白参与RNA代谢的多个方面,包括mRNA前剪接、mRNA定位和运输、mRNA和miRNA稳定性、翻译和miRNA加工。

根据SELEX和PAR-CLIP分析,已经证明QKI可特异性地结合一个ACUAAY motif。最近,Hall等人发现,QKI-5可通过识别外显子9的ACUAA motifs下游,提高Capzb外显子9增加。在少突胶质细胞(oligodendrocyte)中,QKI-6还可以间接地通过控制著名剪接调节因子hnRNP A1的翻译或mRNA稳定性,调节可变剪接。然而,QKI-5在间接调控中所发挥直接作用的分子机制仍然不明确。

在这项研究中,研究人员调查了QKI在肺癌形成过程中的作用。他们发现,QKI在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中经常是减少的,它的下调与患者的生存期缩短有关。通过RNA-seq分析,研究人员将QKI确定为肺癌细胞中的一种关键的可变剪接调节因子,和一种可能的预后标记。利用RNA-seq对QKI依赖剪接进行全基因组分析,将一些癌症相关剪接变化确定为它的靶标。研究结果表明,QKI-5可通过调节其关键靶点NUMB,抑制癌细胞增殖,阻止Notch信号通路的异常激活。

此外,研究人员发现,QKI-5可通过选择性地与一个核心剪接因子SF1竞争,抑制NUMB选择性外显子的增加。总之,这项研究数据表明,QKI的下调可引起肺癌中的异常剪接,指出了一种新的肿瘤抑制机制,涉及QKI介导的Notch信号抑制。

原始出处

Zong FY1, Fu X2, Wei WJ1, Luo YG1, Heiner M1, Cao LJ1, Fang Z3, Fang R3, Lu D4, Ji H3, Hui J1.The RNA-Binding Protein QKI Suppresses Cancer-Associated Aberrant Splicing.PLoS Genet. 2014 Apr 10;

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    2015-01-12 gous
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1862491, encodeId=9181186249129, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a121223385b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中科院#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22338, encryptionId=a121223385b, topicName=中科院)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7a9987, createdName=gous, createdTime=Mon Jan 12 10:15:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1685938, encodeId=cc201685938e6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=66f3e93862' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Genet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7938, encryptionId=66f3e93862, topicName=Genet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d3e128296421, createdName=江川靖瑶, createdTime=Fri Mar 13 13:15:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1967903, encodeId=7686196e903cc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7463199556c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#上海生科院#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19955, encryptionId=7463199556c, topicName=上海生科院)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0045169, createdName=木头人513, createdTime=Fri Apr 25 01:15:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1733683, encodeId=8b5d1e33683a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Mon Sep 22 13:15:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1877945, encodeId=2d6318e7945a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5d80e943ef' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Genetics#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7943, encryptionId=5d80e943ef, topicName=Genetics)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ca89104, createdName=huperzia, createdTime=Sun Nov 23 06:15:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1922141, encodeId=8f1b1922141f5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=33915836275' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新成果#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58362, encryptionId=33915836275, topicName=新成果)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4193478, createdName=wgx306, createdTime=Sun Jun 22 21:15:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2048584, encodeId=4ff02048584b9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4363e929ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Gene#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7929, encryptionId=4363e929ad, topicName=Gene)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=63a4277, createdName=cy0324, createdTime=Thu Jan 01 15:15:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-09-22 canlab
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    2014-11-23 huperzia
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    2014-06-22 wgx306
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    2015-01-01 cy0324

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