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Diabetes Care:爱吃肉得了糖尿病 可能是烹饪方式不对

2018-05-25 吴星 环球医学

很多人都是肉食主义者,无肉不欢。然而,吃肉过多带来的危害很是惊悚,易得三高、易患癌症等,更有传言称爱斯基摩人多短命就是因为吃肉太多。既然无法拒绝吃肉,我们应该开动脑筋,看看以什么方式吃肉更健康。

很多人都是肉食主义者,无肉不欢。然而,吃肉过多带来的危害很是惊悚,易得三高、易患癌症等,更有传言称爱斯基摩人多短命就是因为吃肉太多。既然无法拒绝吃肉,我们应该开动脑筋,看看以什么方式吃肉更健康。

2018年5月,美国科学家在《Diabetes Care》发表的3项前瞻性队列研究的结果,或给肉食主义者继续畅快大块吃肉找到了一点理由,只要避免不合理烹饪肉类,2型糖尿病风险或不会升高。

在定期摄入(≥2份/周)动物肉的美国成人中,检测明火和/或高温烹调(烧烤/架烤、炙烤或烘烤)红肉、鸡肉和鱼肉及对这些肉类煮熟程度的偏好(生、半生半熟或全熟)与2型糖尿病风险之间的相关性。

该前瞻性研究纳入了护士健康研究(NHS,1996~2012年随访)中的52752例女性、NHS II(2001~2013年随访)的60809例女性和卫生专业人员随访研究(HPFS,1996~2012年随访)中的24679例男性。这些研究对象基线时无糖尿病、心血管疾病和癌症。通过经验证的补充调查问卷证实2型糖尿病的发病。

在174万人-年的随访期中,研究者记录了7895例2型糖尿病病例。

多变量调整(包括基线BMI和红肉、鸡肉和鱼肉的总体摄入)后,较高频率的明火和/或高温烹调与2型糖尿病风险升高独立相关。与明火和/或高温烹调<4次/月相比,>15次/月2型糖尿病的汇总风险比(HR)为1.28。

当比较高温烹调煮熟程度加权频率的四分位数极值时,2型糖尿病的汇总HR为1.20。当分别检测红肉和鸡肉时,这些相关性仍然保持显着性。

此外,杂环芳香胺摄入估计值也与2型糖尿病风险增加相关。

作者认为,在定期摄入动物肉的成人中,独立于摄入量,明火和/或高温烹调红肉和鸡肉与2型糖尿病风险增加相关。

尽管相关性的确切机制仍未知,一些研究已经表明,某些有害化学物质(包括在高温烹饪肉类过程中产生的HAAs、PAHs、亚硝胺和AGEs)可能参与糖尿病的进展。

来自体外和体内研究的证据表明,PAHs可能诱导促炎细胞因子的产生,干扰胰岛素分泌,因此增加进展糖尿病的风险。利用来自国家健康预营养调查(NHANES)的数据,几项横断面研究也发现,尿PAH生物标志物与炎症和糖尿病患病率增加相关。对于AGEs,既往研究已经证明,其与动物和人类的炎症、氧化应激和胰岛素抵抗密切相关。尽管如此,需要进行更多的研究来确定潜在机制。

原始出处:

Liu G, et al. Meat Cooking Methods and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Results From Three Prospective Cohort Studies. Diabetes Care. 2018 May;41(5):1049-1060. doi: 10.2337/dc17-1992. Epub 2018 Mar 12.

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    2018-05-25 王秀

    学习了.涨知识了!

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