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核酸治疗: miR-23b-3p是一个有希望的阿尔茨海默病治疗靶点

2022-05-31 生物谷 生物谷

研究者在体外和体内的研究结果提供了证据,表明miR-23b-3p通过减少tau过度磷酸化导致的细胞凋亡而在AD中发挥保护作用。

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是最常见的神经退行性疾病,以老年人记忆力减退、认知障碍和人格改变为主要临床特征。AD患者大脑的主要病理特征是存在由淀粉样蛋白b(Ab)组成的细胞外淀粉样斑块和由过度磷酸化的tau蛋白组成的细胞内神经原纤维缠结(NFTs),最终导致神经元丢失。

尽管有许多证据表明tau蛋白是抗体引发的神经变性的下游靶点,但尸检研究表明,AD症状的严重程度更多地与tau相关的病理程度有关,而不是抗体沉积。

在阿尔茨海默病(AD)中,脑内微小RNA(MiRNA)的异常表达可导致认知功能障碍和tau蛋白异常过度磷酸化。一些研究已经报道了microRNA-23b-3p(miR-23b-3p)在各种神经疾病中的作用;然而,它参与认知相关功能仍不清楚。

图片来源: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2022.04.008.

近日,来自中国医学科学院和北京协和医学院的研究者们在Molecular Therapy: Nucleic Acids杂志上发表了题为“miR-23b-3p rescues cognition in Alzheimer’s disease by reducing tau phosphorylation and apoptosis via GSK-3b signaling pathways”的文章,该研究的发现有力地支持了miR-23b-3p在AD中发挥神经保护作用的假设,从而确定miR23b-3p是一个有希望的AD治疗靶点。

在本研究中,研究者探讨了miR23b-3p对AD的潜在治疗作用及其机制。淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)/早老素1(PS1)双转基因小鼠(APP/PS1小鼠)大脑皮质miR-23b-3p表达降低。这种减少在APPswe细胞、SAMP8小鼠脑和AD患者的血浆中得到证实。此外,与tau病理有关的主要tau蛋白激酶-3b(GSK-3b)被确定为miR-23b-3p的靶标。

体内功能研究表明,在APP/PS1小鼠脑室注射miR-23b-3p可通过抑制GSK-3b的表达和激活来改善认知障碍、组织病理学改变和多个部位的tau磷酸化免疫反应。同样,在APPswe细胞中miR-23b-3p的上调抑制了GSK-3b介导的tau过度磷酸化、AB1-42的产生和神经元的凋亡,导致GSK-3b/p-tau和Bax/caspase-3通路的抑制。

MiR-23b-3p通过抑制GSK-3b信号通路抑制AD细胞凋亡和tau磷酸化的可能机制

图片来源: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2022.04.008

总之,研究者在体外和体内的研究结果提供了证据,表明miR-23b-3p通过减少tau过度磷酸化导致的细胞凋亡而在AD中发挥保护作用。MiR-23b-3p相关的神经保护机制可能是miR-23b-3p抑制脑内的GSK-3b。因此,miR-23b-3p是治疗AD的新的治疗策略的潜在靶点。

参考文献

Hailun Jiang et al. miR-23b-3p rescues cognition in Alzheimer’s disease by reducing tau phosphorylation and apoptosis via GSK-3b signaling pathways. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2022 Apr 18;28:539-557. doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.04.008.

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    2022-11-16 smallant2002
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