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J Natl Cancer Inst:HR+/HER2-乳腺癌哌柏西利联合内分泌治疗的长期安全性分析

2018-07-20 月下荷花 肿瘤资讯

PALOMA-1、PALOMA-2和PALOMA-3三项研究显示,选择性周期蛋白依赖激酶4和6(CDK4/6)抑制剂哌柏西利,与内分泌治疗联合治疗转移或局部进展期乳腺癌有效且安全性可接受,与单纯内分泌治疗相比,无论是一线还是后线治疗激素受体阳性/人表皮生长因子受体2阴性(HR+/HER2-)乳腺癌,均可改善无进展生存(PFS)。

研究背景:PALOMA-1、PALOMA-2和PALOMA-3三项研究显示,选择性周期蛋白依赖激酶4和6(CDK4/6)抑制剂哌柏西利,与内分泌治疗联合治疗转移或局部进展期乳腺癌有效且安全性可接受,与单纯内分泌治疗相比,无论是一线还是后线治疗激素受体阳性/人表皮生长因子受体2阴性(HR+/HER2-)乳腺癌,均可改善无进展生存(PFS)。

任何一种新的治疗方案在验证有效性同时,必需关注其临床安全性,尤其用于进展期疾病治疗时,维持患者生活质量,尽量减低毒性是治疗首要原则,因此有必要评估哌柏西利单药或与其它药物联合治疗时的长短期毒性。三项PALOMA研究的中期和最终分析报告已显示哌柏西利联合内分泌治疗的安全性可接受,本项研究将三项PALOMA研究的50个月安全性数据进一步综合分析,以发现哌柏西利联合内分泌治疗是否存在累积副反应(AEs),以指导临床医师更好的进行毒性管理、优化治疗以及对患者进行更恰当的随访咨询。

研究方法:安全性数据来自PALOMA-1、PALOMA-2和PALOMA-3三项研究,各研究中纳入的均为HR+/HER2-进展期乳腺癌,一线治疗患者随机分入来曲唑或来曲唑+哌柏西利组(PALOMA-1)、来曲唑+安慰剂或来曲唑+哌柏西利组(PALOMA-2);PALOMA-3研究中既往内分泌治疗耐药患者分入氟维司群或氟维司群+哌柏西利组。治疗50个月时,评估累积AEs发生率。

研究结果

三项研究中共1343例患者接受内分泌治疗,872例含有哌柏西利,余471例无哌柏西利。哌柏西利联合内分泌治疗的最常见AEs是中性粒细胞减少和感染,发生率分别为80.6%和54.7%,高于内分泌单药治疗组的5.3%和36.9%。最常见的血液学AEs(哌柏西利组≥15.0%)更多来自治疗之初,其后累积事件发生率并无明显增加(见图1)。治疗3年,只有8.3%的患者因AEs导致哌柏西利联合内分泌治疗永久中断。


图1 Kaplan-Meier曲线显示了哌柏西利治疗患者的累积事件发生率,A为血液学AEs,B为部分非血液学AEs

讨论:本项研究是目前最大、最全面的有关哌柏西利联合内分泌治疗长期安全性的研究,其结果与既往报道的哌柏西利联合来曲唑一线治疗转移性疾病和哌柏西利联合氟维司群治疗内分泌耐药疾病的结果一致。

QTc延长是CDK4/6抑制较为关注的一个问题,近期对PALOMA-2研究中患者的QTc进行评估,结果显示哌柏西利125mg/d与来曲唑联合,虽可导致QTc延长,但其延长程度并不足以产生相关临床表现。

血液学AEs,尤其是血细胞减少,是哌柏西利最常见毒性。虽然中性粒细胞减少最常见,但相对较少患者出现发热性中性粒细胞减少,患者因此永久停用治疗的几率很低。出现3-4级中性粒细胞减少患者,其平均毒性级别保持相对稳定,提示延长哌柏西利治疗并无累积骨髓毒性。而且中性粒细胞减少程度在第二周期治疗后还有轻度减低,可能与剂量调整有关,通常4级中性粒细胞减少倾向发生于治疗早期。以往研究显示,因中性粒细胞减少或其它AE导致≥1次剂量调整(减量、暂停或延迟周期),并不改变哌柏西利联合内分泌治疗对PFS的改善。

血液学和非血液学AEs发生率在哌柏西利联合内分泌治疗的最初6个月达高峰,与药物剂量调整的时间段吻合(周期1和2)。早期识别AEs对治疗至关重要,可保证治疗持续进行、优化治疗结果。哌柏西利联合内分泌治疗相关的AEs,包括最常见的中性粒细胞减少、感染、白细胞减少、疲劳和恶心,通常随时间延长而逐渐消失,50个月的累积AEs发生率并无明显变化,因AEs导致永久停用治疗的几率很低,这表明毒性易于管理,最常采用的毒性管理手段是减量和暂时停止治疗。4个非血液学AEs(疲劳、转氨酶增加、感染和疾病进展)与2名以上患者的永久停药有关。目前已有关于因毒性而进行剂量调整的相关推荐。

目前尚无预测CDK4/6抑制剂长短期毒性的标志,以便更好的明确哪些患者对CDK4/6抑制剂联合内分泌治疗耐受良好并获益。PALOMA-2研究数据的单变量分析显示,亚洲患者、基线绝对中性粒细胞计数<3.68×103/mm3是出现3-4级中性粒细胞减少的风险因素。这方面内容需要更多研究,以确保单药内分泌治疗即有充足疗效的患者不必联合使用CDK4/6抑制剂,减少资源浪费,同时减少患者发生毒性反应的机会,保证生活质量(QoL)。需注意的是,通过恰当的支持治疗和剂量调整,哌柏西利联合内分泌治疗患者的QoL也可以得到充分保证。

本项研究汇聚了872例哌柏西利联合内分泌治疗的进展期HR+/HER2-乳腺癌患者,随访时间长达50个月,是目前有关CDK4/6抑制剂治疗进展期乳腺癌安全性探讨的研究中持时最长、最全面的研究。当然研究也存在一定缺陷,如黑人患者比例≤2.5%,亚洲患者在哌柏西利联合内分泌和单独内分泌治疗组分别为16.6%和13.6%;有并发症患者或使用其它药物患者未被纳入研究。因此研究结果对上述患者的应用可能受限。

总之,根据本项长期安全性研究分析,目前无证据显示,HR+/HER2-进展期乳腺癌长期哌柏西利联合内分泌治疗,存在特异的累积性或延迟性毒性,支持哌柏西利联合内分泌治疗用于早期乳腺癌辅助治疗的进一步研究。

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    2018-08-13 qidongfanjian
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    2019-06-05 drj2003
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    2018-10-29 gwc392
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    2019-01-19 liye789132251
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    2018-11-04 luwei00
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    2018-07-20 医者仁心5538

    学习了

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