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国家卫计委公布首批鼓励研发申报儿童药品清单

2016-06-16 佚名 中国投资咨询网

防治儿童疾病且具有明显临床优势的药品注册申请可以加快审评审批。根据2016年《关于临床急需儿童用药申请优先审评审批品种评定基本原则》,临床急需儿童专用药品有3种可优先审评审批:一是新增用于儿童人群品种,即创新型新药或新3类仿制药;二是改剂型或新增规格品种;三是市场短缺的仿制品种。 其中,创新型新药或新3类仿制药必须是针对严重威胁儿童生命或者影响儿童生长发育,且目前无有效治疗药物或治疗手段

防治儿童疾病且具有明显临床优势的药品注册申请可以加快审评审批。根据2016年《关于临床急需儿童用药申请优先审评审批品种评定基本原则》,临床急需儿童专用药品有3种可优先审评审批:一是新增用于儿童人群品种,即创新型新药或新3类仿制药;二是改剂型或新增规格品种;三是市场短缺的仿制品种。

其中,创新型新药或新3类仿制药必须是针对严重威胁儿童生命或者影响儿童生长发育,且目前无有效治疗药物或治疗手段的疾病,或相比现有的治疗药物具有明显治疗优势的新药。改剂型或新增规格品种必须在国内现行药品说明书中包含有确定的“儿童用法用量”且现有剂型或规格均不适用于儿童,新增剂型或规格适合于儿童。改剂型或新增规格品种或市场短缺的仿制品种,若申报厂家的数目为多家申请的,按照申请先后排队顺序,对排第一位的优先审评,若经审评不符合要求,则取消优先资格,后面的同品种申请可按序增补替代。

截至2016年6月12日,CFDA药品审评审批中心(CDE)网站共公布了2次拟优先审评品种名单,1次正式名单;国家卫计委公布了1次首批鼓励研发申报儿童药品清单。

临床急需儿童用药目录相关公告

优先审评品种:

改剂型是主要的研发方向?

首批拟优先审评品种共公示了6个制剂产品,对应10个批文号,最终正式名单公布时,仅剩下4个制剂产品,对应5个批文号。被刷下的原因主要在于两点:1)现有剂型或规格已适用于儿童;2)改剂型或新增规格品种或市场短缺的仿制品种的申报厂家的数目为多家申请的,按照申请先后排队顺序,并非排第一位。

首批优先审评品种正式名单的产品中:氯法拉滨注射液属于创新型新药或新3类仿制药,枸橼酸咖啡因注射液属于市场短缺的仿制品种,盐酸普萘洛尔口服溶液和儿童用法罗培南钠干糖浆都属于改剂型品种。这4个产品的适应症都是针对儿童罕见病,且有专门针对儿童的用法用量。

已经在申报生产阶段的有氯法拉滨注射液和枸橼酸咖啡因注射液。从目前药品注册审评审批加快的进度而言,两个产品能否获批预计将在今年内知晓。氯法拉滨注射液目前有2家申报生产,2014年齐鲁药业申报生产的氯法拉滨注射液已经公告撤回了,贝达药业的也在临床自查核查名单之内。枸橼酸咖啡因注射液在欧美已广泛应用于治疗可能致残和致命的早产儿呼吸暂停症10多年,CDE在2012年曾对枸橼酸咖啡因注射液采用豁免注册临床的审评策略,但是在上市后需开展应用该品治疗早产儿呼吸暂停的开放性的临床试验,建议病例数不少于200例。从CDE网站数据可知意大利凯西制药公司的Ⅳ期已招募完成,试验仍在进行中。

申报临床的盐酸普萘洛尔口服溶液和儿童用法罗培南钠干糖浆的第一家申报厂家都已获批临床。盐酸普萘洛尔口服溶液适应症为婴幼儿的浅表型血管瘤、深部血管瘤、混合型血管瘤、节段型血管瘤、孤立型血管瘤,不同于普萘洛尔的其它口服制剂,预计仍需要做临床试验,但暂无相关实验开展的进度数据。

6月12日公布的新一批拟纳入优先审评的儿童药中,麦格司他胶囊属于创新型新药或新3类仿制药,盐酸右美托咪定鼻喷剂和盐酸托莫西汀口服溶液都属于改剂型品种。申报生产的麦格司他胶囊也是临床自查核查名单的一员。

适应症方面,无论是首批优先审评儿童药名单还是新一批拟纳入优先审评的儿童药名单,罕见病、肿瘤、神经系统、呼吸系统等都是主要的覆盖范围。

鼓励研发申报儿童药品清单:

儿童安全性是最大考量

从剂型来看,国家卫计委所公布的“首批鼓励研发申报儿童药品清单”中主要是口服溶液剂和注射剂,这两类剂型往往是免临床的。

一直以来,国家对于儿童用药都是鼓励的,鼓励生产企业积极研发仿制药的儿童专用规格和剂型;鼓励立题依据充分且具有临床试验数据支持的儿童专用规格和剂型的申请优先审评;在儿童用药在招标、定价、医保等方面采取综合鼓励措施,并完善儿童临床用药规范。

由于儿童用药临床试验难以开展、市场规模小,企业并不愿投入成本进一步研发。于是,在现有的已上市产品基础上改剂型增加规格,相对而言投入成本较低,是国家扶持的一条路,也是企业相对而言较为愿意往前进的一条路。

根据咸达数据V3.2,“首批鼓励研发申报儿童药品清单”的23个通用名已在我国上市。地高辛、肾上腺素、碳酸氢钠、长春碱(长春花碱)和胰高血糖素鼓励的剂型已在我国上市,但清单提倡的规格暂无在我国上市,这意味着这5个药品属于增加规格项目,而且这5个药品鼓励的剂型是注射剂,立项难度主要在于小剂型的工艺开发、儿童用法用量设计及安全性的临床证据。促皮质素(ACTH)苯丙氨酸氮芥(马法兰)、重组人甲状旁腺激素、多粘菌素E、胰岛素样生长因子-1和双氢睾酮在我国暂无上市剂型,上市恐怕需要临床试验。

根据我国目前已上市产品的同通用名产品的说明书,并不是所有产品都有儿童用法用量以及儿童用药临床数据,部分产品仅仅在儿童用药上注明“慎用”。对于禁止儿童口服或注射的产品,本次鼓励目录是推荐较温和的外用剂型。如地西泮,幼儿中枢神经系统对地西泮异常敏感,注射剂中含苯甲醇,禁止用于儿童肌内注射,本次鼓励目录则推荐开发灌肠剂。

用法用量如何确定以及安全性如何保证,是改剂型和增加规格类项目的难点,现有的说明书并不能提供多大帮助。如根据苯妥英钠说明书,新生儿或婴儿期对苯妥英钠的药动学较特殊,临床对中毒症状评定有困难,一般不首先采用苯妥英钠;学龄前儿童肝脏代谢强,需多次监测血药浓度以决定苯妥英钠用药次数和用量。又如咪达唑仑说明书中提及尚无有关18岁以下儿童应用咪达唑仑,其年龄与药效作用关系的研究,至今没有文献记载儿童用药出现的问题;以及新生儿不应使用咪达唑仑等。

生产企业立项时需要参考美国等国外的儿童指南推荐从而确定用法用量。如盐酸普萘洛尔口服溶液,在美国婴幼儿的指南中推荐的用法用量为年龄小于等于2.5月者,1.0mg/kg/d;年龄大于2.5月者,1.5mg/kg/d。

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    2016-06-18 沉心多思

    好文章,值得学习

    0

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    2016-06-18 lqvr
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