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European Radiology:一种新的全局特征管理方案提高了放射组学模型的性能和稳定性

2022-07-08 shaosai MedSci原创

面对高通量放射组学提取的数百个放射组学特征,有效的降维筛选可以显著降低计算负荷、优化分类和预测模型,并提高模型的泛化能力。

放射组学是一种利用大量自动提取的数据特征算法将影像数据转换为高维可挖掘特征空间的精细检测方案,为疾病诊断、疾病特征相关性探索以及预后和疗效预测提供直接的微观证据。

面对高通量放射组学提取的数百个放射组学特征,有效的降维筛选可以显著降低计算负荷、优化分类和预测模型,提高模型的泛化能力。因此,各种降维方法应运而生,包括过滤(相关系数等)、包裹(递归特征消除)、嵌入(脊回归、拉索回归)、机器学习模型(支持向量机、随机森林)、主成分分析(PCA)。然而,实践经验和现有文献表明,降维中的特征选择的稳定性并不总是能够得到保证,在很大程度上取决于对样品属性的判断和操作者的经验。因此,在目前的临床实践中,放射组学模型的性能和稳定性的缺陷是显而易见的。

近日,发表在European Radiology杂志的一项研究构建了一个全局特征管理方案,并在由急性脑干梗塞(ABI)的平扫计算机断层扫描(NCCT)图像组成的测试集中进行了评估,探讨了ABI作为一种极其危险的卒中事件其医学图像的分析对诊断和预后预测所带来的重要临床价值。

本研究以两个医疗中心的急性脑干梗塞(ABI)的平扫计算机断层扫描(NCCT)图像作为测试和验证集,构建了一个基于全局特征管理的新方案,并将依赖于降维的传统方案作为对照。在Matlab R2013a中提取了NCCT图像的放射学特征。通过广义线性模型(GLM)和多变量逻辑回归评估了预测模型的性能。并且,用测试集和验证集之间的曲线下面积(AUC)的差异来评价放射组学模型的稳定性。 

与传统方案相比,新方案呈现出相似的检测性能(AUC:0.875 vs. 0.883),且在预测预后方面表现更好(AUC:0.864,OR = 0.917,p = 0.021 vs. AUC:0.806,OR = 0.972,p = 0.007)。所有这些结果在一个独立的验证集中得到了很好的验证。此外,新方案在检测模型(ΔAUC:0.013 vs. 0.039)和预测模型(ΔAUC = 0.004 vs. 0.044)中都表现出更强的稳定性。 


 诊断和预测模型在测试集和验证集的表现:(a)用于检测集,(b)用于预测无效集,(c)用于测试集的检测,(d)用于验证集的预测

本研究表明,尽管有许多局限性,但独立于降维的全局特征管理方案显示出了特殊的优势和临床价值,并值得进一步的研究及后续探索。

 

原文出处:

Yuefeng Li,Yuhang Xie,Yuhao Xu,et al.A new scheme of global feature management improved the performance and stability of radiomics model: a study based on CT images of acute brainstem infarction.DOI:10.1007/s00330-022-08659-w.

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