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JAMA子刊:家庭因素对“星星的孩子”结局影响有多大?

2021-03-31 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

包括家庭的支持等各方面的努力都有望增加患儿日后表现良好的潜在可能性。

孤独症,又称自闭症或孤独性障碍(ASD)等,是广泛性发育障碍的代表性疾病。《DSM-IV-TR》将ASD分为5种:孤独性障碍、Retts综合症、童年瓦解性障碍、阿斯伯格综合征和未特定的ASD。其中,孤独性障碍与阿斯伯格综合征较为常见。

孤独症是一种影响多个发育领域的终生性疾病。因永远沉浸在自己的星空中,ASD被称作是“星星的孩子”。目前有关孤独症的患病率报道不一,一般认为约为儿童人口的2~5/万人,男女比例约为3~4:1,男孩比女孩多3-4倍。

去年,加拿大一项名为“通向ASD的路”的会议中,患者父母、青少年、从业者、政策制定者和研究人员举行了会议,以制定该领域应解决的关键证据差距。通过这些会议,小组达成共识对于ASD来说,最重要的证据缺口是:"什么因素与ASD的良好结果有关?"

ASD儿童中期干预的积极结果结局以及家庭因素的影响目前并不十分清楚。为此,来自加拿大多个儿童医学中心的专家对该问题进行了全面的研究。相关结果发表在《美国医学会杂志》子刊JAMA Network Open杂志上。

研究人员旨在根据能力和成长的指标估计预后较好的流行率,调查儿童和家庭层面的变量与做得好之间存在显著关联的程度。这项纵向队列研究包括来自加拿大各地地区诊所的ASD儿童。

参与者在2岁至4.9岁(T1)之间被抽样3次,在随访到中年儿童时期(T2)被抽样两次。第一次抽样时对患儿的语言和智商以及家庭收入、父母应对和家庭功能进行评估。

主要的结局指标是儿童发展健康的关键结果包括社会化、沟通、独立生活技能的测量,以及内化和外化行为的测量,通过ASOD量表进行评估。语言、智商、家庭收入、父母应对能力和家庭功能与评估结果的关联程度通过逻辑回归确定。

在272名儿童(234名[86.0%]男孩;平均10.76岁)中,约78.8%的样本估计在至少1个领域的任一指标上表现良好,23.6%在4或5个领域表现良好。同时,研究人员发现在能力或成长方面表现良好,但仍符合ADOS标准的ASD是有可能的。

在成长指标方面,61.5%-79.6%的参与者的ADOS得分在4分以上;在能力指标方面,63.8%-75.8%的参与者的得分在4分以上。所有领域的任何一个度量标准做得好,都与该结果领域的T1得分相关。

同时,通过成长指标在社会化方面做得好,也与更好的T1语言技能评分相关。此外,通过成长指标在外化方面表现良好也与T1时较高的家庭收入相关。T1时较好的家庭功能与按能力度量的社会化和外化以及按成长度量的内化表现都有关联。

该队列研究发现,相当一部分ASD儿童到儿童中期时,至少在1个关键的发育健康领域表现良好。这些结果提示,包括家庭的支持等各方面的努力都有望增加患儿日后表现良好的潜在可能性。

 

参考文献:

Szatmari P, Cost KT, Duku E, et al. Association of Child and Family Attributes With Outcomes in Children With Autism. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(3):e212530. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.2530

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    2021-04-02 ms8000000479428574

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    2021-03-31 林医生

    学习了,关注孤独症患者

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    2021-03-31 ms9000000677340542

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    2021-03-31 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

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    2021-03-31 ms1000002042115555

    孩子是父母的影子

    0

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