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Cell:细菌如何诱发机体致命性败血症的发生?

2016-05-10 佚名 生物谷

图片来源:medicalxpress.com 某些细菌性感染会引发机体败血症的发生,而败血症是一种危及生命的级联炎性和细胞死亡反应,该疾病非常难以治愈,近日刊登在国际杂志Cell上的一项研究论文中,来自康州大学的研究人员通过研究揭示了革兰氏阴性菌如何诱发机体出现败血症。 细菌通常不出现在血液中,一旦其进入血液中机体就会出现巨大的反应,而一旦细菌开始入侵血液中的细胞时,机体的免疫反应就会更

图片来源:medicalxpress.com

某些细菌性感染会引发机体败血症的发生,而败血症是一种危及生命的级联炎性和细胞死亡反应,该疾病非常难以治愈,近日刊登在国际杂志Cell上的一项研究论文中,来自康州大学的研究人员通过研究揭示了革兰氏阴性菌如何诱发机体出现败血症。

细菌通常不出现在血液中,一旦其进入血液中机体就会出现巨大的反应,而一旦细菌开始入侵血液中的细胞时,机体的免疫反应就会更加强烈,当细胞检测到入侵的是哪种细菌后,其就会破坏入侵的细菌,同时产生一系列炎性化合物向所有的远端免疫细胞发送信号,最终消灭入侵者。而当细胞向正在发生暴发性感染的另外一部分机体组织发送信号时,就会引发一系列失控的细胞自杀现象,从而诱发败血症的发生,最终促使机体出现致死性的炎性、发烧及低血压。

为何机体会引发这种危险自我损伤的反应呢,本文中研究人员就给出了解释,研究者指出,细胞实际上并不是被真正入侵了,而细胞认为自己被入侵了,所以才会产生动静如此大的反应。细菌会分泌出小型的囊泡结构,这种囊泡会同人类细胞反应,从而进入细胞,一旦囊泡结构进入细胞,其就会泄漏所携带的脂多糖结构,而脂多糖的释放就拉响了机体免疫系统的警报,当细胞意识到脂多糖进入细胞后,其就会认为细菌已经突破了自身防线,这样细胞就开始了自杀的过程,不断释放炎性因子并且刺激免疫细胞发生反应。

研究者Sivapriya Kailasan Vanaja表示,囊泡的目的并不是真的想杀灭细胞,其仅会引发一定的副作用,囊泡可以帮助细菌细胞之间相互交流,而细菌也可以利用囊泡来影响附近细菌或细胞的功能。实际上囊泡也可以作为研究者所利用的一种工具,这样一来科学家们就有可能抑制囊泡同机体的之间的相互作用,比如阻断机体败血症反应的发生;当然作为开发疫苗角度而言,囊泡或许还可以帮大忙,适宜脂多糖填充的囊泡结构或许可以诱发机体微弱的免疫反应,从而吸引免疫细胞来增强疫苗的效力。从另外一方面来讲,对细胞内脂多糖的检测也是具有一定危险性的,其会增加疫苗的毒性。

这项研究为全新理解机体败血症发生提供了新的思路,仅有革兰氏阴性菌可以引发机体败血症发生的通路;下一步研究人员将通过更深层次的研究来揭秘为何囊泡可以轻而易举地进入细胞,一旦科学家们发现其中所涉及的机制,相关的研究结果或许就可以帮助他们开发治疗抵御败血症的新型疗法。

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    2016-11-08 维他命
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    2016-05-23 WEIXIN82f774b2

    值得学习!

    0

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    2016-05-16 吴教授

    抗感染史上的又一进步

    0

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    2016-05-13 QQ6709219e

    谢谢分享,好好学习

    0

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    2016-05-11 lovejing

    囊泡可以选择性的进入不同种类的细胞的话,细胞内给药就应该可行啊

    0

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    2016-05-10 卡莲

    败血症的症状

    0

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