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BMJ;剖宫产肥胖产妇闭合切口负压伤口疗法可降低手术部位感染风险

2021-05-07 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

与标准敷料相比,剖宫产术后肥胖妇女的预防性闭合切口NPWT可使SSI风险降低24%

产妇使用剖腹产的情况差别很大,北欧国家的比例较低,而其他西方国家如澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和美国的比例较高(15-17% vs 25-32%);与阴道分娩相比,剖腹产的发病率和死亡率更高;世界卫生组织将体重指数大于或等于30.0的人定义为肥胖;在澳大利亚,超过50%的妇女在进入怀孕期时超重或肥胖,术后伤口并发症如手术部位感染(SSI)、裂开(手术闭合伤口裂开)、血肿的形成是外科手术的常见并发症,特别是在有肥胖、糖尿病或两者兼有的女性中,SSI是一个重要的全球性问题,可导致再次干预和治疗、住院时间延长、伤口愈合延迟,在某些情况下还会导致死亡。产妇肥胖,其发生SSI和其他伤口并发症的风险增加3倍,从而推迟康复、增加不适和降低生活质量。Gillespie B M等进行了相关研究,该研究目的是比较预防性闭合切口负压伤口治疗和标准手术敷料对接受择期和半紧急剖宫产术的肥胖产妇SSI累积发生率的有效性和安全性。

该研究的目的是确定闭合切口负压伤口疗法(NPWT)与标准敷料相比在预防肥胖女性剖宫产手术部位感染(SSI)的有效性。设计多中心,务实,随机,对照,平行小组,优越性试验。

在2015年10月至2019年11月之间收集了四家澳大利亚三级医院的肥胖产妇。参与者符合条件的妇女的孕前体重指数为30或更高,并通过选择性或半紧急剖腹产术分娩。在剖腹产手术前,对2035名同意接受干预的女性进行随机分组,以采用封闭切口NPWT(n = 1017)或标准敷料(n = 1018)。隐藏分配直到皮肤闭合。主要结局指标是SSI的累积发生率。次要结果包括SSI的深度(浅表,深度,或器官/身体空间),伤口并发症发生率(裂开,血肿,血清肿,出血,淤青),住院时间以及与敷料相关的不良事件发生率。预先指定的主要治疗分析意图是基于保守的假设,即缺少结果数据的少数女性(n = 28)没有SSI。事后敏感性分析包括最佳案例分析和完整案例分析。

在主要的治疗分析中,采用标准切口NPWT治疗的75例女性(7.4%)和标准敷料的99例女性(9.7%)发生SSI(风险比0.76,95%置信区间0.57至1.01; P = 0.06)。事后敏感性分析探讨了缺失数据的影响,发现了相同的作用方向(闭合切口NPWT减少了SSI),具有统计学意义。40/996(4.0%)接受闭合切口NPWT的妇女和23/983(2.3%)接受标准敷料的妇女发生水疱(风险比1.72,1.04至2.85; P = 0.03)。

四种分析方案的结果表明,闭合切口NPWT可能对减少剖腹产肥胖妇女的SSI有效。预先指定的初步分析表明,该试验中9%的女性出现了任何类型的SSI——闭合切口NPWT组为7%,对照组为10%。这种差异接近统计学意义。最佳病例、完整病例、按方案敏感性和多变量分析的结果是一致的,有利于闭合切口NPWT干预。初步分析基于保守的假设,即失访的妇女没有发展成SSI;这一结果显示,闭合切口NPWT组SSI的累积发生率相对降低了29%。因此,初步分析结果可能低估了闭合切口NPWT在这一人群中的有效性,而事后最佳病例敏感性分析的结果可能高估了它的有效性。然而,当综合考虑所有分析的结果时,闭合切口NPWT似乎能有效减少SSI。

与标准敷料相比,剖宫产术后肥胖妇女的预防性闭合切口NPWT可使SSI风险降低24%(绝对风险降低3%)。这种差异接近统计学意义,但可能低估了该人群闭合切口NPWT的有效性。保守的主要分析结果,多变量调整后的模型,考虑到全球范围内接受剖腹产的肥胖女性的数量,越来越多的证据表明闭合切口NPWT的益处,需要考虑事后敏感性分析和事后敏感性分析。使用闭合切口NPWT的决定还必须权衡皮肤起泡和经济因素的增加,并且应基于与患者共同的决定。

原文出处

Gillespie B MWebster JEllwood DThalib LWhitty J AMahomed K et al. Closed incision negative pressure wound therapy versus standard dressings in obese women undergoing caesarean section: multicentre parallel group randomised controlled trial BMJ 2021; 373 :n893 doi:10.1136/bmj.n893

 

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    2022-02-27 gaoxiaoe
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    2021-05-08 T2DM终结者

    负压伤口疗法可能对很多其他的肥胖病人伤口治疗都能有效

    0

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    2021-05-07 ltxdsr810920

    学习了

    0

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    2021-05-07 乙娆

    以后可以在临床上尝试

    0

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    2021-05-07 14838f85m16暂无昵称

    真好

    0

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