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N Engl J Med:一查出癌症就要马上手术吗?

2017-07-13 sunshine2015 环球医学

活检显示癌症,所以你必须快速行动,对吧?不一定,如果是前列腺肿瘤。



并不是所有癌症都需要立马手术】活检显示癌症,所以你必须快速行动,对吧?不一定,如果是前列腺肿瘤。

如果他们的癌症在早期发现(男性越来越多,如美国的大多数情况), 他们可以立即治疗或定期检查监测,并在以后治疗中检查是否恶化或引起症状。

现在,长期的研究结果来自少数研究,将男性与限于前列腺的肿瘤进行比较。 20年后,立即手术和最初分配到监测者的死亡率大致相同,手术有更多的副作用。

一位研究负责人,密苏里州圣路易斯华盛顿大学泌尿外科主任杰拉尔德·安德里奥博士说:“许多男人听到癌症一词后,就想做点事情。” “现实是,如果你有一个低风险的癌症,就像研究显示,你不需要治疗,当然不是紧急。”

这不是全黑和白色。早期阶段并不一定意味着低风险。研究中的一些结果倾向于有利于手术,并且确实具有一些优点。它也可以提高某些群体的生存。这些和其他研究告诉我们谁从手术中获益而谁并不受益。

为什么不是每个人都要紧急处理?

从一个事实开始,许多人很难接受:不是所有的癌症注定要致命。一些前列腺肿瘤是致命的,但大多数生长如此缓慢,以致于男人会死于别的原因。

治疗手术,放射线或激素治疗可能导致阳痿,失禁,感染等问题,有时会比以往任何时候都会有更多的伤害。

监控并不意味着什么都不做。 Andriole说,男性可以经常测试,现在有越来越多的方法来检测现在的疾病进展,因为通常还有机会治疗,如果开始恶化,可能会治愈它。

证据是什么?

只有少数研究测试了监测与即时治疗。二十多年后,一人发现死亡率没有差异;另外发现手术提高了存活率,但仅适用于65岁以下的男性。

研究人员想知道:现代筛查和治疗结果会相同吗?

美国退伍军人事务部主办的这项新研究旨在回答这一点。医生指派731名男子进行观察或手术。十年后,生存率相似,但医生需要更长时间的随访。

现在,20年以后,这些人中有三分之二死亡,原来的结论仍然存在,尽管数据倾向于手术的好处。手术组中的男性死亡人数较少,但差异很小,这可能是因为机会。只有约9%的男性最终死于前列腺癌,显示这种疾病很少证明是致命的。

结果出现在星期四的新英格兰医学杂志。

DID手术好吗?

是。手术组中较少的男性随后进行治疗,因为有迹象表明该疾病可能恶化。在很多情况下,PSA水平上升的原因是手术也明显阻止了更多的病例传播到全身。

监测伤员的一半在五年内得到某种治疗。Andriole说,男性“只是厌倦了”监测和思考癌症。其余的是由发展的迹象引起的。

手术也可能改善中度风险男性的生存率,PSA水平在10到20之间,Gleason评分(衡量癌细胞在显微镜下的表现)是7.只有大约四分之一到三分之一美国的男性在这个类别中属于这一类。大多数男性是早期阶段和低风险。

Andriole说:“外科手术对于正确的人来说是正确的,而且是具有中度风险疾病的人。

副作用

手术有更多的副作用 - 该组15%的男性后来寻求治疗麻烦的性行为障碍,17%治疗失禁。

范德比尔特大学泌尿科主任David Penson博士说,“你不能将癌症结果的生活质量与癌症结果分开。”

他说:“有些人会看这个,并说:”我不想无能为力,我不想失禁,“并且将放弃手术,即使有机会帮助他们寿命更长。 “最后,每个人都要做出自己的决定。”

原始出处:

Timothy J. Wilt, et al. Follow-up of Prostatectomy versus Observation for Early Prostate Cancer. N Engl J Med 2017; 377:132-142July 13, 2017DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1615869.

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    2018-01-30 haouestc
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    2018-02-19 spoonycyy
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    2017-07-14 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-07-14 1351f42674m

    有道理

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    2017-07-14 hfuym10906

    学习了学习了学习了学习了

    0

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    2017-07-14 184****9840

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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