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Alzheimers Dementia:血液淀粉样蛋白指标,可预测长期痴呆风险

2022-03-16 Freeman MedSci原创

血液中特定的淀粉样蛋白指标,可预测长期痴呆风险

基于血液的生物标志物是阿尔茨海默病(AD)诊断、预后和预测的下一个挑战。自2007年以来,脑脊液(CSF)淀粉样β(Aβ)1-42或Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40比率、tau、磷酸化tau(p-tau)、正电子发射断层扫描(PET)淀粉样生物标志物被用作病理生理学生物标志物,与拓扑学生物标志物(临床、神经心理学和脑成像)相结合,在研究和日常临床实践中确定AD诊断。它们检测早期AD和有可能发展为AD。随着靶向药物和认知衰退前的预防策略的发展,需要验证非侵入性的、可重复的和易于使用的工具,以预先筛查有发生AD和转化为痴呆风险的对象。

最近,血浆Aβ1-42或Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40比率被发现与CSF Aβ1-42或CSF Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40比率明显相关。血浆Aβ1-42和Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40比率也可以预测PET淀粉样蛋白的阳性,在老年认知正常人和MCI及AD患者中具有良好的敏感性和特异性。然而,血浆Aβ生物标志物的预后相关性还有待充分验证。

对血浆Aβ水平的研究评估了血浆Aβ生物标志物的利益,得出了相互矛盾的结果。最后,在一些大型社区队列中发现,低血浆Aβ1-42或Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40比率与转化为痴呆症有关。然而,在其他队列中,这种关联并没有被证实。

除了Aβ1-42和Aβ40,可溶性淀粉样前体蛋白α(sAPPα)和β(sAPPβ)也是AD患者CSF中很有希望的新生物标志物30,31,最近又在血液中发现了。然而,这些结果还没有在其他研究中得到证实。已观察到sAPPα在对Aβ1-42低聚物的反应中出现短暂的增加,表明sAPPα水平可能随患者的临床分期而变化。

藉此, 法国巴黎大学的Olivier Hanon等人,在大规模纵向多中心BALTAZAR(淀粉样肽和阿尔茨海默病风险的生物标志物)队列中探究了血浆中Aβ1-42、Aβ1-40、Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40比率和sAPPα的浓度是否能预测从MCI到痴呆,尤其是AD的转化,并进行了为期3年的随访。

BALTAZAR研究的轻度认知障碍(MCI)参与者共有N = 485,这是一个大规模的纵向多中心队列,被随访了3年。其中总共有165人转为痴呆(95%为AD)。用Logistic和Cox模型分析了转换与血浆淀粉样β(Aβ)1-42、Aβ1-40、Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40比率之间的关系。

他们发现:与非转换者相比,转换者的血浆Aβ1-42水平较低(P值=0.03),Aβ1-42 /Aβ1-40比率较低(P值=0.02)

Aβ1-42 /Aβ1-40比率最高的四分位数(>0.169)的MCI参与者的转换风险明显较低(经年龄、性别、教育、脂蛋白Eε4、海马萎缩调整的危险比=0.52(95%置信区间[0.31-0.86],P值=0.01)。

该研究的重要意义在于发现了:在这个大队列的MCI受试者中,他们发现了一个血浆Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40比率的阈值,可能会发现3年内转化为痴呆的低风险患者。


原文出处:
Hanon O, Vidal J, Lehmann S, et al. Plasma amyloid beta predicts conversion to dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: The BALTAZAR study. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. Published online February 20, 2022:alz.12613. doi:10.1002/alz.12613

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    2023-01-23 anminleiryan
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    2022-03-11 neuro.Dr

    老年性痴呆,未来还是希望借助神经电生理吧,也许更为有效!

    0

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拓展阅读

45%的痴呆可预防!《柳叶刀》最新报告:这14个危险因素要尽早改变

委员会指出,改变14项危险因素可预防或延迟多达45%的痴呆,报告同时更新了检测阿尔茨海默病(AD)的最新生物标记物进展、诊断新定义和治疗进展。

Circulation:颅内动脉粥样硬化性疾病与痴呆之间的关系

ICAD与痴呆发生风险增加相关,独立于CSVD、APOE4基因型和心血管危险因素。即使在较低CSVD负担的参与者中,痴呆的风险也明显增加,且不太可能受到血管性痴呆的影响。

提前20年发现痴呆!3项重磅研究揭示:这几种指标极具预测潜力

P-Tau217、P-tau181等诊断标记物在预测认知功能障碍、AD等神经功能障碍疾病方面的作用3项重磅研究,对临床干预和延缓AD具有一定参考价值。

《自然-医学》:接种常见疫苗,或可预防痴呆!

研究表明相比于接种减毒活疫苗的人群,接种重组亚单位带状疱疹疫苗后的6年内,痴呆风险显著降低,相当于至少增加了164天无痴呆的时间。

哈佛团队揭秘:抑郁症、高血压、脑损伤……这5种因素与痴呆强相关!

哈佛医学院研究分析 14 种痴呆风险因素的关联差异性,发现 5 个稳定因素,不同因素在年龄组和痴呆亚型中影响有差异,强调应考虑多种因素组合影响。

痴呆患者的疼痛评估

疼痛症状主要靠本人自诉,一般进行疼痛评估也需要跟病人进行语言沟通,而随着老龄的到来,痴呆与认知功能障碍的发生也随之而来,对于这一类人群,疼痛评估及诊治变得更加困难。

2023 国际指南:体力活动和锻炼用于轻度认知障碍和痴呆的预防和管理

国外神经内科相关专家小组(统称) · 2023-09-28

痴呆患者睡眠障碍管理的最佳证据总结

江苏医药职业学院 · 2023-03-22

痴呆诊断中PET临床合理化应用中国专家共识(2021版)

中国微循环学会神经变性病专业委员会 · 2021-11-25

痴呆诊断中 PET 临床合理化应用中国专家共识 (2021版)

中国微循环学会神经变性病专业委员会 · 2021-11-25

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