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Cell重大发现:首次!科学家找到“魔剪”CRISPR“关闭”开关

2016-12-10 佚名 生物探索

Erik J. Sontheimer 教授基因编辑技术CRISPR/Cas9的迅速崛起引发了生物医学研究的革命。然而,这一被誉为“改写生命神笔”的突破技术仍有需要完善的地方。使用CRISPR/Cas9会使基因组产生一些不想要的变化,形成脱靶突变。这一问题的存在深深影响着该技术在治疗应用中的安全性和有效性。12月8日,发表在Cell杂志上题为“Naturally Occurring Off-Swit



Erik J. Sontheimer 教授

基因编辑技术CRISPR/Cas9的迅速崛起引发了生物医学研究的革命。然而,这一被誉为“改写生命神笔”的突破技术仍有需要完善的地方。使用CRISPR/Cas9会使基因组产生一些不想要的变化,形成脱靶突变。这一问题的存在深深影响着该技术在治疗应用中的安全性和有效性。

12月8日,发表在Cell杂志上题为“Naturally Occurring Off-Switches for CRISPR-Cas9”的一项研究中,来自多伦多大学和马萨诸塞大学的科学家们首次发现了CRISPR/Cas9的“关闭开关”(off-switches)。这一成果有望更好地控制这一技术的应用,帮助开发基于CRISPR的人类疾病治疗方案。

该研究的共同通讯作者Erik J. Sontheimer、Alan Davidson以及Karen Maxwell领导的研究小组鉴定出了3个天然存在的、能够抑制Cas9酶的蛋白质家族。在CRISPR/Cas9系统中,Cas9酶发挥着剪断目标DNA序列的功能,而这些称为anti-CRISPR的蛋白质具有阻断DNA切割的能力。

先前的研究中,科学家们发现,由噬菌体编码的小型蛋白质能够抑制宿主细菌的CRISPR-Cas系统。但这些anti-CRISPRs对I型CRISPR-Cas系统(这类系统未使用Cas9蛋白)具有特异性。基于这些发现,研究人员推断,一定也有天然存在的Cas9抑制剂。

上个月,发表在Cell上的一篇综述汇总了目前可用于哺乳动物细胞基因组编辑的多种Cas9酶(具体见上表)。在这一研究中,科学家们找到了特异性抑制脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌(Neisseria meningitidis)CRISPR-Cas9系统的anti-CRISPRs三大不同的家族。

研究表明,这些抑制性蛋白直接绑定了NmeCas9(N. meningitidis Cas9)。此外,研究证实,这些anti-CRISPRs能够被用作人类细胞基因编辑的有效抑制剂。

Sontheimer博士说:“一旦基因编辑系统进入细胞后,科学家们缺乏一个可靠的方法来关闭Cas9的活性。如果我们能够在正确的基因编辑完成后打开一个‘关闭开关’,问题就很容易解决了。在这一研究中,我们报告了首个已知的Cas9活性天然抑制剂。”

Davidson博士表示,CRISPR是一个非常强大的基因编辑工具,但我们必须能够关掉它。“关闭开关”的发现将使研究人员能够更加自信的使用这一工具。

参考资料:

Medicalxpress:Scientists discover first 'off-switches' for CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing

Cell:Naturally Occurring Off-Switches for CRISPR-Cas9

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    2017-08-26 维他命
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    2017-02-06 wmu姿

    强大的技术,学习了

    0

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    2016-12-12 yuandd
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    2016-12-10 stomach

    CRISPR真强大

    0

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