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HYPERTENSION:β-受体阻滞剂用于糖尿病患者要小心?

2017-07-10 王淳 环球医学

尽管使用β-受体阻滞剂可能有助于达到强化血糖控制的最大作用,因为能减少严重低血糖后的不良反应,但是可能会导致发生严重低血糖的潜在风险。2017年7月,发表在《Hypertension》的一项研究评估了糖尿病患者使用β-受体阻滞剂是否有效,以及是否其使用与严重低血糖的发生相关。请看本期多学科讨论组临床药师各抒己见为您梳理本文看点——使用ACCORD试验(控制糖尿病心血管风险试验)数据,研究人员采用倾

尽管使用β-受体阻滞剂可能有助于达到强化血糖控制的最大作用,因为能减少严重低血糖后的不良反应,但是可能会导致发生严重低血糖的潜在风险。2017年7月,发表在《Hypertension》的一项研究评估了糖尿病患者使用β-受体阻滞剂是否有效,以及是否其使用与严重低血糖的发生相关。请看本期多学科讨论组临床药师各抒己见为您梳理本文看点——
使用ACCORD试验(控制糖尿病血管风险试验)数据,研究人员采用倾向评分校正开展了Cox比例风险分析。主要结局指标是研究期内首次发生心血管事件,包括非致命性心肌梗塞、不稳定型心绞痛、非致命性卒中心血管死亡。

β-受体阻滞剂组患者(n=2527)的平均随访期是4.6±1.6年,未使用β-受体阻滞剂的患者(n=2527)是4.7±1.6年。β-受体阻滞剂组患者的心血管事件率明显高于非β-受体阻滞剂组患者(风险比,1.46;95%置信区间,1.24–1.72;P<0.001)。在冠心病或心衰的患者中,β-受体阻滞剂组心血管事件的累积事件率也明显高于非β-受体阻滞剂组患者(风险比,1.27;95%置信区间,1.02-1.60;P=0.03)。β-受体阻滞剂组患者的严重低血糖发生率明显高于非β-受体阻滞剂组患者(风险比,1.30;95%置信区间,1.03-1.64;P=0.02)。
总体上,糖尿病患者使用β-受体阻滞剂与心血管事件风险的增加相关。当这种相关性通过未来高水平证据阐明时,β-受体阻滞剂的适应症可能需要重新考虑。

多学科讨论记实:

本研究中使用ACCORD试验数据,倾向评分匹配患者的各种分析表明,β-受体阻滞剂的使用与心血管事件风险增加有关。此外,β-受体阻滞剂使用和心血管事件之间的类似关系不仅在没有心脏病的患者中被发现,而且在心脏病患者中也发现了。β-受体阻滞剂使用患者严重低血糖发生率明显高于非β-受体阻滞剂使用者。

β受体阻滞剂增加心血管事件发生的原因可能有增加非严重低血糖事件的发生,延长低血糖事件以及使患者体重增加,具体机制还需进一步研究。

该项研究也存在以下局限性。首先,虽然这项研究是大规模、基于证据的并且具有稳健地亚组代表性,但这是对ACCORD试验的事后分析。本研究患者糖化血红蛋白水平≥7.5%,有心血管风险。 因此,该研究结果可能不适用于其他糖尿病患者。第二,由于在1年以前的事件数量过低对于主体识别不够,研究人员分析的是早期事件修复至1年的数据。然而,分析显示,β受体阻滞剂的使用与心血管事件风险增加有关;使用连续随访数据,研究人员假设所有修复至1年时的事件发生在6个月。第三,考虑5%的α类错误,心血管事件的分析效力为70.5%,全因死亡为8.1%,心血管死亡为23.0%。本研究可能没有足够的受试者来避免β类错误。 因此,为了验证研究结果,需要进行更多的大规模研究。第四,本研究利用倾向评分来最大限度地减少许多混杂因素的影响,这可能与β-受体阻滞剂的适应症有关。另外用患者健康状况的调整进一步减少了适应症的混杂。然而,残留混杂如随访期和未知变量可能会影响结果。倾向评分匹配分析可能未能完全减轻心血管事件风险的这些差异。因此,需要进行新的随机对照试验来评估糖尿病患者使用β受体阻滞剂是否有益或不利影响。
原始出处:
Tsujimoto T, Sugiyama T, Shapiro MF,et al,Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus on β-Blockers.Hypertension. 2017 Jul;70(1):103-110. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09259. 

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    2018-01-06 zhyy88
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    2018-04-20 feather89
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哥本哈根大学营养与运动系的研究人员在今天出版的美国临床营养学杂志(AJCN)上发表了他们关于减肥生物标志物研究结果。通过研究“预处理空腹血糖或胰岛素、调整饮食和实现体重减轻:3项随机临床试验”发现,空腹血糖或胰岛素含量可以用于改善饮食并预测体重减轻,尤其是对于患有糖尿病的人来说。

J Gen Intern Med:研究揭示糖尿病患者反复住院的根本原因!

糖尿病是困扰全球的疾病,尤其是2型糖尿病患者的人数不断攀升。糖尿病的危险之处就在于由它引起的各种并发症。据调查,每年由于糖尿病入院的人数不在少数,而糖尿病患者的反复入院也是非常普遍的情况,在《普通内科医学》杂志上发表的文章表示,糖尿病患者反复入院的风险因素都与由血糖引起的各种并发症有关。

Nat Commun:如何降低糖尿病导致的骨折风险?

利用代谢组学研究技术,纽约大学牙科研究人员调查了高血糖小鼠骨髓中潜在的生物化学活性和信号传导,希望降低糖尿病患者的骨折风险。

Stem cells:干细胞移植在合并糖尿病的心脏病患者中的治疗潜能。

干细胞移植是一种可提高缺血性心脏病(IHD)患者心功能的具有潜力的再生性治疗方案。但因为糖尿病患者的干细胞的再生潜能进行性下降,这一方案在治疗合并糖尿病的IHD患者上受到限制。

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