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盘点:血小板减少性紫癜近期重要研究进展汇总

2018-10-21 MedSci MedSci原创

【1】特发性血小板减少性紫癜与心血管疾病之间的相关性分析//m.capotfarm.com/article/show_article.do?id=5dd11255255b特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的典型特征是血小板计数短暂或持续下降。ITP人群死亡率高于一般人群,可能与心血管疾病(CVD)增加有关。近日,一项新的研究评估了ITP与CVD之间相关性的强度,第二个目的是评估脾切除对C

【1】特发性血小板减少性紫癜与心血管疾病之间的相关性分析

特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的典型特征是血小板计数短暂或持续下降。ITP人群死亡率高于一般人群,可能与血管疾病(CVD)增加有关。近日,一项新的研究评估了ITP与CVD之间相关性的强度,第二个目的是评估脾切除对CVD的影响。研究人员使用来自于6591名ITP患者和24275名随机匹配对照者(按照年龄、性别、体重指数和吸烟状态以1:4的比率匹配)的临床代码数据进行基于人群的回顾性开放队列研究。在6年的中位观察期间,392例ITP患者和1114例对照者被诊断为CVD。在ITP队列中发生CVD的风险增加,即使在仅包括ITP病例的敏感性分析之后仍然保持稳健。研究结果显示接受脾切除术的患者与没有接受脾切除的ITP患者相比,发生CVD的风险进一步增加。由此可见,ITP患者发生CVD的风险增加,接受脾切除的ITP患者发生CVD的风险甚至进一步增加。

【2】脾切除仅能缓解特发性免疫性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的症状

脾切除术切除了血小板清除和自身抗体产生的主要部位,可获得比其他治疗ITP的方案都较高的持久反应率(50-70%)。但,目前尚无可靠的脾切除术反应的预测因素,而且,感染和心血管并发症的远期风险也应纳入考虑。由于ITP不同的二线疗法的长期疗效未进行过直接对比,使得制定医疗决策没有支持性的证据。脾切除术仍是许多患者的理想治疗方案,包括希望从药物和监测中脱离的生活积极的患者和对药物治疗反应不好的暴发性ITP患者。Shruti Chaturvedi等人尽可能避免在ITP确诊后的第1年内进行脾切除术,因为大多数患者是自发性或治疗可诱导缓解,特别是年长患者手术并发症增多、反应率降低(与年轻人相比)。医疗决策应根据患者的合并症、生活方式和临床表现而个体化。未来的研究应集中于不同的二线治疗方案的远期疗效,以及开发个性化的医疗方案,以鉴别患者是最适合脾切除术还是其他治疗方案。

【3】利妥昔单抗预处理可降低血栓形成性血小板减少性紫癜患者的长期复发率

采用利妥昔单抗预处理可通过维持正常的ADAMTS13活性来预防免疫性血栓形成性血小板减少性紫癜(iTTP)。但,这些患者的长期预后和这一方案的潜在副反应尚未明确。近日,一项新的研究报道了92位iTTP临床缓解期患者的长期预后,这些患者均在随访期间检查出重度ADAMTS13缺陷(活性<10%)后接受利妥昔单抗预处理。结果显示,37位患者iTTP发作超过1次,利妥昔单抗预处理之前中位累积复发率0.33次发作/年。利妥昔单抗预处理后,全部患者的中位累积复发率降至0次/年。利妥昔单抗预处理后,ADAMTS13活性恢复,并且34位患者维持整个随访期;45位患者在最初提高后,再次复发重度ADAMTS13缺陷。额外的利妥昔单抗预处理常可改善ADAMTS13活性。13位患者在第一个疗程的利妥昔单抗治疗后,仍检测不到ADAMTS13活性,但6/10位患者再次治疗有效。总而言之,iTTP患者在缓解期持续检测不到ADAMTS13活性,与复发率高相关。利妥昔单抗预处理可通过维持ADAMTS13活性降低临床复发率,而且安全性良好。

【4】Principia 制药宣布PRN1008获得FDA孤儿药认定用于治疗免疫性血小板减少性紫癜

Principia制药公司今天宣布,口服型可逆的共价Bruton酪氨酸激酶(BTK)抑制剂PRN1008已获美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)的孤儿药认定用于治疗免疫性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患者。Principia目前正在进行一项II期临床试验,以评估PRN1008在ITP患者中的安全性和有效性。Principia先前于2017年6月获得FDA颁发的PRN1008的孤儿药物认定用于治疗寻常型疱疮。FDA的孤儿药指定计划旨在鼓励开发治疗罕见疾病或病症的产品,罕见病人群通常被定义为在美国少于200,000人的患者群体。作为获得孤儿药认定资格的制药企业可以获得7年的营销专营权及临床研究费用的税收抵免等。

【5】FDA批准SYK抑制剂用于治疗慢性免疫性血小板减少性紫癜

Rigel Pharmaceuticals公司的口服脾脏酪氨酸激酶(SYK)抑制剂获得FDA批准上市,用于对先前治疗无效的成人慢性免疫性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患者。慢性ITP是一种罕见的自身免疫性疾病,患者的免疫系统破坏血小板,影响血液的正常凝固导致出血、瘀伤和疲劳。这种疾病很难治疗,因为无法预测治疗后引起的副作用。该公司指出,目前大约5~6万成年人生活在初级ITP中,很多患者对现有的一种或多种治疗药物都没有应答。Fostamatini是一种SYK抑制剂,通过阻止血小板破坏来靶向疾病的潜在自身免疫病因。FDA此次的批准,证实了抑制SYK靶点在自身免疫性疾病中的具有治疗效果。

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