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尿微量白蛋白:早期肾损伤的“信号兵”

2019-06-12 冯少婷 检验医学网

王阿姨患有糖尿病,复查时医生需要检测她的尿微量白蛋白,同时需要王阿姨留取24小时尿,王阿姨说:“我之前测过尿常规,蛋白也没有加号,没有留尿啊,怎么这次不一样?”其实,和王阿姨一样,一些糖尿病或者肾脏疾病患者面对这样的检查,也有同样的困惑:到底什么是尿微量白蛋白,和尿常规检测的尿蛋白有什么区别呢?


作者:天津医科大学肿瘤医院检验科   冯少婷

王阿姨患有糖尿病,复查时医生需要检测她的尿微量白蛋白,同时需要王阿姨留取24小时尿,王阿姨说:“我之前测过尿常规,蛋白也没有加号,没有留尿啊,怎么这次不一样?”其实,和王阿姨一样,一些糖尿病或者肾脏疾病患者面对这样的检查,也有同样的困惑:到底什么是尿微量白蛋白,和尿常规检测的尿蛋白有什么区别呢?

1982年Viberti等发现糖尿病患者尿中总蛋白在正常范围,而尿白蛋白排泄增加的现象,首先提出了尿微量白蛋白(mAlb)的概念。微量白蛋白(mAlb):指尿中Alb排出量在30-300mg/24h范围内,即已超出正常上限(30mg/24h),但尚未达临床蛋白尿水平的中间阶段。

微量白蛋白测定反映早期肾病、肾损伤情况。病理性增高见于糖尿病肾病、高血压、妊娠子痫前期。在早期尿微量白蛋白阶段是肾病发生的早期信号和预兆,此时肾脏损害处在尚可逆转的时期,如能及时治疗,可以终止或逆转肾病的发展进程。

糖尿病肾病是糖尿病最常见的慢性并发症之一.糖尿病肾病早期无明显症状和体征,尿蛋白常规检查也多为阴性,这给早期诊断造成困难。因此,检测尿微量白蛋白对于早期发现糖尿病肾小球微血管病变具有十分重要的意义。同时,为了避免患者运动或其他生理因素产生尿蛋白,可以收集患者24小时尿总量,检测其中所有蛋白质含量,进而做出早期诊断,开展早期治疗。

相对尿微量白蛋白的定量检查,常说的检测尿常规是对尿蛋白定性检查,结果以“+”表示,“+”越多,表示蛋白流失的越多。方法简单,易操作,主要适用于门诊或健康查体。

因此,尿微量白蛋白这个“信号兵”,不仅能早期发现肾损伤,还能定量检测尿中的蛋白,对于早期发现肾脏损害无疑是较好的检测指标。

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    2019-06-14 珙桐
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    2019-06-13 深海的鱼

    学习学习学习

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血流动力学管理是危重症和急诊医学的一项主要治疗挑战。在患者从入院到出院整个康复过程中起着关键作用。在恢复血流动力学稳定期间,复苏是液体管理的主要指标之一,经常是救命治疗,需以正确的剂量、速率,并选择正确的液体种类尽可能快的给予。不幸的是,这些核心的液体治疗在科学文献中并未得到一致性和可靠证据的支持。对正确的患者应用正确的液体的管理仍是一个争议根源的准则。然而,在2013年EMA和FDA发布了限制H

白蛋白超过总蛋白,真凶竟是……

患者,男,68岁,因“贫血,血小板减少就诊”,患者在门诊检验血常规显示重度贫血(HGB:54g/L),血小板减少(PLT:71×109/L),淋巴细胞比例异常增高(LYM%:90.2%),淋巴细胞如此之高,涂片镜检可见大量淋巴细胞,患者血常规检测结果如图。

J Hepatol: 采用midodrine和白蛋白治疗肝硬化患者,血管收缩系统活性轻微下降,但不能阻碍肝硬化并发症和改善患者生存

等待肝移植的肝硬化患者,在采用 midodrine和白蛋白治疗后,内源性血管收缩系统活性有轻微下降,但并不能阻碍肝硬化并发症和改善患者生存。

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