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BMJ:国家心血管病中心与美国耶鲁大学合作研究:若使用美国高血压指南新定义,中美卫生系统都将不堪重负,难以为继

2018-07-13 朱柳媛 中国循环杂志

近期,国家心血管病中心蒋立新教授和美国耶鲁大学Harlan M Krumholz教授为首的中美专家团队,评估了2017年美国高血压指南对中国和美国高血压患病人数以及降压治疗的影响。

2017年,美国心脏病学院(ACC)/美国心脏协会(AHA)发布了新的高血压指南,将高血压定义和部分人群的降压目标从140/90 mmHg降至130/80 mmHg。

该指南一发布,就引发了学界广泛的讨论和争议。如果采用新的高血压定义,毫无疑问,全球的高血压患者就会大量增加,非必需的治疗也会明显增多。

近期,国家心血管病中心蒋立新教授和美国耶鲁大学Harlan M Krumholz教授为首的中美专家团队,评估了2017年美国高血压指南对中国和美国高血压患病人数以及降压治疗的影响。

研究发现,如果采用2017美国高血压指南,不论中国还是美国,高血压患者总人数以及需要接受降压治疗的患者人数都会大幅增加。

研究者指出,新指南量降低了高危人群的降压目标值,是考虑到这一举措会降低主要心血管不良事件发生率。然而事实上,即使在目前更为保守的指南指导下,我们对高血压患者的管理依然存在严峻的挑战,中美两国的未治疗率和治疗未达标率都很高。

根据分析,如果采用新指南,这一状况会更加糟糕,意味着我们需要增加公共卫生基础设施,来应对明显加重的高血压负担,几乎所有的医疗卫生干预措施都要用在高血压患者身上。

另外,新指南将治疗指征拓展至风险较低的人群,就会削弱我们对高危人群的筛查和治疗,而他们才是从降压治疗中最可能获益的人群。

作者还认为,许多人会因突然贴上的“高血压”表情而产生病态心理,还冒着不恰当降压治疗带来各种不良反应的风险。

中国:高血压患病率将增至55%,需要治疗人数增加5530万

研究人员发现,采用140/90 mmHg诊断标准(JNC-8指南),中国45~75岁的成年人中高血压患病率为38%(1.84亿)。

如果采用2017年美国高血压指南中的新定义,中国该年龄段人群中,约55%(2.67亿)会被诊断为高血压,患病人数增加了45.1%(8270万)。

在被新指南诊断为高血压的人群中,男性的比例迅速增加(55.1%vs 46.3%)。被额外诊断为高血压的人群中,合并糖尿病、慢性肾脏病、动脉粥样硬化心血管病的比例较低,其10年心血管病风险也较低。

在中国45~75岁的1.84亿高血压患者中,根据JNC-8指南,46.8%接受了至少1种降压药物治疗。而根据新指南诊断的2.67亿高血压患者中,仅32.3%接受降压治疗。

在JNC-8指南指导下,中国有7450万45~75岁的高血压患者未接受降压治疗,而根据新指南定义,未治疗人数增至1.3亿,即增加了5530万人,这些人大多为女性,且合并动脉粥样硬化性心血管病的比例较高。

另外,根据JNC-8指南,中国2340万高血压患者仅需生活方式干预,而在新指南下,这一数据增至5100万。

根据JNC-8指南,在2011-2012年接受降压治疗的中国高血压患者中,降压达标率为58.6%,而在新指南定义下,降压达标率骤降至23.8%。这意味着,有3000万高血压患者需要额外接受强化降压治疗。

表 新旧指南下中国45~75岁人群中高血压患病人数、未治疗人数和需强化治疗人数变化



美国:新指南下额外治疗人数增750万,降压达标率降至45.6%

美国的情况与中国类似。

分析显示,根据新指南,美国45~75岁人群中高血压患者约7010万,患病率高达63%,与采用JNC-8指南相比,高血压患病人数增加了26.8%。

根据JNC-8指南,美国约810万高血压患者未接受治疗,而在新指南中,这一数据增至1560万。

根据JNC-8指南,美国的降压达标率为76%,而在新指南定义下,降压达标率降至45.6%,有1390万高血压患者需要额外接受强化降压治疗。

在该研究中,中国人群分析采用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)研究2011-2012年数据,而美国人群分析采用2013-2014年及2015-2016年NHANES数据库的数据,都针对45~75岁的人群数据进行分析。

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    2018-08-04 gaoxiaoe
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    2018-07-15 三生有幸9135

    学习一下

    0

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    2018-07-13 zb1235672

    学习了!!!!!

    0

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