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BMJ:COVID-19男性患者排毒时间更长,粪便中病毒存在时间超过呼吸道

2020-04-25 生物探索 生物探索

患者粪便样本中SARS-CoV-2的持续时间明显比呼吸道和血清样本更长。

近日,中国工程院院士李兰娟团队带来的新研究报告指出,SARS-CoV-2分离株在体外实验中病毒载量的差异最高可达270倍。不过,关于不同组织样本病毒载量的时间变化及其与疾病严重程度之间的关联性仍然成迷。

4月21日,浙江大学梁廷波团队发布在BMJ的一项最新研究报告,通过分析从96位SARS-CoV-2感染患者身上采集的3000余份不同组织的样本,系统地评估了SARS-CoV-2病毒载量的动态变化和疾病进展。

报告指出,重症患者的病毒载量明显高于轻度疾病患者,这表明可以使用病毒载量评估预后。另外,患者粪便样本中SARS-CoV-2的持续时间明显比呼吸道和血清样本更长,且粪便中病毒载量峰值出现得更晚。

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1443

这96名患者于2020年1月19日至2020年2月15日期间陆续被浙江大学医学院附属第一医院收治并经过经实验室确诊患有COVID-19,其中22人为轻症患者,74人为重症患者,中位年龄为55岁(IQR:44.3-64.8)。

期间,研究人员共收集了3497份病毒样本,包括1846份呼吸道样本、842份粪便样本、629份血清样本以及180份尿液样本。

在疾病初期,通过呼吸道样本检出病毒核酸的比例为100%,粪便样本为59%,血清样本为41%。不过,随着时间的推移,呼吸道样本中SARS-CoV-2的检出率逐渐下降,而粪便和血清样本的阳性率开始增加,并于第三周开始下降。

疾病进展期间以及样本类型之间的SARS-CoV-2检测率

值得注意的是,尽管此前SARS患者的尿液中,病毒RNA检出率高达50%,但是在该研究中,研究人员仅从1份来自于危重症患者的尿液样本中检测出病毒核酸。

从病毒持续时间来看,粪便样本的病毒中位持续时间最久,为22天(IQR:17-31天),呼吸道样本为18天(IQR:13-29天),血清样本为16天(IQR:11-21天)。在呼吸道样本中,重症患者(21天,14-30天)的病毒中位持续时间显着长于轻症患者(14天,10-21天),而另外两类样本在不同症状的患者之间阳性率并无显着差异。

通过样品类型和疾病严重性检测SARS-CoV-2的持续时间。彩色条表示中位数,黑色条表示四分位间距

从病毒载量来看,呼吸道样本中病毒载量最高,其次是粪便样本,最后是血清样本。就轻症患者而言,疾病初期呼吸道样本中的病毒载量更大,并于发病第二周达到峰值;与之相比,重症患者呼吸道样本的病毒载量在发病后的第三周和第四周仍然很高,不过此时粪便样本的病毒载量已经超过了呼吸道样本。

不同疾病程度的患者病毒载量随时间的变化

随后,研究人员对重症患者的样本进行了进一步分析,发现男性的病毒持续时间明显长于女性,而年龄超过60岁的患者的病毒持续时间则明显比年轻患者更久。

尽管这项研究存在一些局限性,比如病毒载量实际上受许多因素影响,对病毒载量的研究仅部分反映了体内病毒的数量,但是它提醒我们,在疫情防控中,特别是对疾病后期患者,需要加强粪便样本的管理。同时,通过临床手段减少病毒载量,并加强对重症患者各阶段的管理,将有助于防止病毒的传播。

原始出处:

Shufa Zheng, et al. Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China, January-March 2020: retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2020;369:m1443.

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    2021-02-21 gaoxiaoe
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    2020-04-27 zhmscau
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    2020-04-27 Homburg

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