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我国学者总结有肾毒性中药清单:错误使用曾致百名女性尿毒症

2018-11-20 文韬 中国循环杂志

近期,天津中医药大学附属第一医院肾内科总结了有肾毒性中药清单。这份清单包括:马兜铃、青木香、广防己、关木通、朱砂莲、寻骨风、威灵仙、细辛、防己、雷公藤、腊梅根、粉防己、北豆根、马钱子、木藜芦、乌头、千里光、附子、巴豆、决明子、番泻叶、大黄、狼毒、八角莲、泽泻、鸦胆子、补骨脂、栀子、商陆。马兜铃酸和生物碱是研究最多有肾毒性成分的中药。马兜铃酸是一种致癌的、可导致基因突变、以及有肾毒性的植物成分。中草

近期,天津中医药大学附属第一医院肾内科总结了有肾毒性中药清单。

这份清单包括:马兜铃、青木香、广防己、关木通、朱砂莲、寻骨风、威灵仙、细辛、防己、雷公藤、腊梅根、粉防己、北豆根、马钱子、木藜芦、乌头、千里光、附子、巴豆、决明子、番泻叶、大黄、狼毒、八角莲、泽泻、鸦胆子、补骨脂、栀子、商陆。

马兜铃酸和生物碱是研究最多有肾毒性成分的中药。马兜铃酸是一种致癌的、可导致基因突变、以及有肾毒性的植物成分。

中草药主要的肾毒性表现为:急性肾衰竭、慢性肾脏病、肾结石、横纹肌溶解、范可尼综合征、以及尿路上皮癌。

但并不是所有使用这些中草药的人都会发生急性肾衰竭或慢性肾病,有几个方面的因素影响着最终的肾毒性反应。见下图。



中草药相关因素:中药本身的内在毒性、分辨不清品种、错误加工、错误储存、掺杂其他物质、包含重金属。

某些从业者不熟悉中草药的药性,不能识别不同中草药的潜在毒性。

如细辛的根马兜铃酸含量低,但细辛整棵植物马兜铃酸含量非常高,错误使用则毒性明显增加。

类似的错误就发生在比利时和法国中药减肥药事件中:减肥中药方使用的汉防己无意中被取代为广防己,广防己的马兜铃酸含量非常高,导致成百个使用这些减肥中药的女性肾间质广泛纤维化,最终患尿毒症。

也有人把“关木通”当成“木通”用,导致患者发生严重肾损害。

大部分的中药成分需经过物理或者化学处理(炮制)来减毒,或提高药效。不正确的炮制方法会增加肾毒性。不但某些中药被错误处理,还可能掺假。

如一些人为了保持红花的颜色,让价钱卖得更高,加入染料金胺O,这是一种不可食用的工业染料,可致癌,并有肾脏和肝脏毒性。

由于环境污染,部分中草药吸收土壤中的重金属,如砷、镉、铅、汞,蓄积在人体内也可以造成毒性反应。

此外还有用药因素,超量、超时间服用,中药和西药相互作用。患者因素,临床病情,如本身有慢性肾病、药物过敏。

来源:

1、Bo Yang, et al. Nephrotoxicity and Chinese Herbal Medicine.CJASN 2018,13 (10):1605-1611.

2、医师报

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    2019-01-09 jyzxjiangqin

    有肾毒性的中药清单。

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