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Aging Cell:百岁老人及其后代的蛋白质组与我们有什么区别?

2021-01-30 haibei MedSci原创

数据表明,在百岁老人中的衰老标志物与寿命较短的年轻队列中看到的相似,这说明百岁老人并没有逃脱正常的衰老标志,而是比普通人晚很多获得。

人类预期寿命的延长是一项重要的公共卫生成就,同时,这也使得老年人口的患病率增加。衰老被认为是阿尔茨海默病、癌症、血管疾病、痴呆症、流感和神经退行性疾病的最重要风险因素。然而,从研究百岁老人及其后代中获得的一个重要经验是,有一些因素可以保护个体免受与衰老相关疾病的困扰。鉴于百岁老人似乎相对受到更多的保护,不受年龄相关疾病的影响,人们对于研究百岁老人及其后代的遗传和分子特征产生了浓厚兴趣。

最近,利用新英格兰百岁老人研究(NECS)的样本,研究人员试图对77名百岁老人、82名百岁老人的后代,以及65名与后代年龄匹配的对照组(平均年龄:105岁、80岁和79岁)的血清蛋白质组进行表征。

研究人员发现了1312个在百岁老人及其后代和对照组之间存在显著差异的蛋白质(FDR<1%),以及预测百岁老人和年轻人存活时间更长的两种不同的蛋白质标志。

通过将百岁老人的蛋白质组特征与2个独立的衰老蛋白质组学研究进行比较,研究人员得到了484个相同的衰老相关蛋白质,以及两个极端老年人特有的血清蛋白质特征。

数据表明,在百岁老人中的衰老标志物与寿命较短的年轻队列中看到的相似,这说明百岁老人并没有逃脱正常的衰老标志,而是比普通人晚很多获得。例如,百岁老人的标志物明显富集了衰老相关的分泌表型,与相对年轻的普通人中所见一致,从这一发现中,研究人员提供了一个新的血清蛋白列表,可以用来测量细胞衰老。

蛋白质共表达网络分析表明,少数生物驱动因素可能调控衰老和极度长寿,基因调控的变化可能是达到极度长寿的重要因素

因此,这项百岁老人的研究提供了更多可用于测量衰老的信号,并提供了健康衰老和长寿的特定循环生物标志物,提示了有助于延长健康和支持长寿的潜在机制。

 

原始出处:

Paola Sebastiani et al. Protein signatures of centenarians and their offspring suggest centenarians age slower than other humans. Aging Cell (2021). 

 

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    2021-10-13 医者仁心
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