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PNAS:闻到的气味竟然不一样?“嗅觉指纹”独一无

2015-07-03 佚名 生物谷

我们每个人的鼻子大约有六百万个嗅觉感受器,约四百种不同的类型。这些受体的分布因人而异,所以每个人的嗅觉可能是独一无二的。近期发表在PNAS杂志上的一篇文章指出Weizmann研究所的科学家报告的方法可精确地描述一个人的嗅觉,他们称之为“嗅觉指纹”。 本研究的意义不仅仅局限于嗅觉范围,而且包括基于嗅觉指纹的大脑退行性疾病的早期诊断与匹配捐献器官的非侵入性测试。 该方法主要研究两种气味间是如何的相

我们每个人的鼻子大约有六百万个嗅觉感受器,约四百种不同的类型。这些受体的分布因人而异,所以每个人的嗅觉可能是独一无二的。近期发表在PNAS杂志上的一篇文章指出Weizmann研究所的科学家报告的方法可精确地描述一个人的嗅觉,他们称之为“嗅觉指纹”。

本研究的意义不仅仅局限于嗅觉范围,而且包括基于嗅觉指纹的大脑退行性疾病的早期诊断与匹配捐献器官的非侵入性测试。

该方法主要研究两种气味间是如何的相似与不同。在第一阶段的实验中,志愿者被要求根据54个不同的描述性词组对28种不同的气味进行分级,例如,“柠檬”,或“男子气的”。基于受试者的评级,Lavi Secundo博士领导的实验开发了一种复杂、多维的数学公式用来确定人类嗅觉中任何两种类似的气味彼此间如何的相似。Secundo博士说,这个公式的强大之处在于不需要受试者使用和适应任何描述性词语。因此,嗅觉指纹是气味依赖型的而不受描述性词和语言控制。

试验中有378对受试者识别28种不同气味,每种气味彼此间都有不同程度的相似性。这为我们提供了378 种“嗅觉指纹”。科学家们使用这个高度敏感的工具发现,每个人确实有个人独特的模式——“嗅觉指纹”。

这一发现结果会扩展到数以百万计的人群吗?研究人员通过计算表明,识别28种气味有“嗅觉指纹”的人约有二百万,仅仅34种气味足以识别地球上七十亿人。

下一阶段的研究表明,嗅觉指纹可能会联接我们的另一个系统---自身免疫系统。被称为人类白细胞抗原的免疫抗原(被用来评估捐赠器官匹配性)与某些嗅觉指纹相关联。

研究人员认为“嗅觉指纹”除了帮助识别个体以外,也可能有助于检测早期帕金森氏症和老年痴呆症等疾病,这可能有助于用非侵入性的方法初步筛查活体捐赠者的骨髓和器官是否可以很好的相互匹配。

原始出处

Secundo L1, Snitz K2, Weissler K2, Pinchover L2, Shoenfeld Y3, Loewenthal R4, Agmon-Levin N3, Frumin I2, Bar-Zvi D2, Shushan S2, Sobel N1.Individual olfactory perception reveals meaningful nonolfactory genetic information.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Jun 22

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    2018-01-03 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了谢谢作者分享!

    0

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    2015-12-05 lyh994

    指纹?

    0

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    2016-05-25 gous
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=274884, encodeId=75c82e48847c, content=学习了谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jan 03 00:41:02 CST 2018, time=2018-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44875, encodeId=35af448e590, content=指纹?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Sat Dec 05 16:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1668617, encodeId=5114166861eba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8ce6564391b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#指纹#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56439, encryptionId=8ce6564391b, topicName=指纹)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dae126370631, createdName=gous, createdTime=Wed May 25 03:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=31534, encodeId=08a83153448, content=个体对外界的反应都不一样吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d0f31631005, createdName=保守主义, createdTime=Wed Jul 08 10:13:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=31535, encodeId=853d3153535, content=除了嗅觉,那味觉呢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=154, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d0f31631005, createdName=保守主义, createdTime=Wed Jul 08 10:13:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1855748, encodeId=96fe1855e48df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Tue Jul 28 11:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=30481, encodeId=37a730481ee, content=看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=195, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee0d1618732, createdName=huaxipanxing, createdTime=Sat Jul 04 14:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-07-08 保守主义

    个体对外界的反应都不一样吧

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=274884, encodeId=75c82e48847c, content=学习了谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jan 03 00:41:02 CST 2018, time=2018-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44875, encodeId=35af448e590, content=指纹?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Sat Dec 05 16:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1668617, encodeId=5114166861eba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8ce6564391b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#指纹#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56439, encryptionId=8ce6564391b, topicName=指纹)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dae126370631, createdName=gous, createdTime=Wed May 25 03:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=31534, encodeId=08a83153448, content=个体对外界的反应都不一样吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d0f31631005, createdName=保守主义, createdTime=Wed Jul 08 10:13:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=31535, encodeId=853d3153535, content=除了嗅觉,那味觉呢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=154, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d0f31631005, createdName=保守主义, createdTime=Wed Jul 08 10:13:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1855748, encodeId=96fe1855e48df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Tue Jul 28 11:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=30481, encodeId=37a730481ee, content=看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=195, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee0d1618732, createdName=huaxipanxing, createdTime=Sat Jul 04 14:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-07-08 保守主义

    除了嗅觉,那味觉呢

    0

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    2015-07-28 drwjr
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=274884, encodeId=75c82e48847c, content=学习了谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jan 03 00:41:02 CST 2018, time=2018-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44875, encodeId=35af448e590, content=指纹?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Sat Dec 05 16:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1668617, encodeId=5114166861eba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8ce6564391b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#指纹#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56439, encryptionId=8ce6564391b, topicName=指纹)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=dae126370631, createdName=gous, createdTime=Wed May 25 03:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=31534, encodeId=08a83153448, content=个体对外界的反应都不一样吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d0f31631005, createdName=保守主义, createdTime=Wed Jul 08 10:13:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=31535, encodeId=853d3153535, content=除了嗅觉,那味觉呢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=154, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d0f31631005, createdName=保守主义, createdTime=Wed Jul 08 10:13:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1855748, encodeId=96fe1855e48df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Tue Jul 28 11:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=30481, encodeId=37a730481ee, content=看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=195, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee0d1618732, createdName=huaxipanxing, createdTime=Sat Jul 04 14:45:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-07-04 huaxipanxing

    看看

    0

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