饮酒不影响乳腺癌患者的生存

　　虽然以前的研究将饮酒与增加患乳腺癌的风险联系在一起，但是最近一项新的研究发现，诊断前后饮酒不会影响患者的生存。实际上，诊断前后适度饮酒的妇女会获得一定程度的生存利益，这是因为降低了死于心血管疾病的风险，而心血管疾病是乳腺癌幸存者死亡的一个主要原因。

　　这项研究结果将发表在4月8日版的《临床肿瘤学杂志》。Polly Newcomb博士是公共健康科学部的成员，也是弗雷德哈钦森癌症研究中心癌症预防计划组的领导人物，这项研究由他领导。

　　Newcomb说：“我们的研究可以使过去有饮酒习惯的乳腺癌妇女放心，因为酒精不会对她们诊断后的生存有影响”。“同时，这项研究也支持了适度饮酒对心血管疾病有益这一说法”。

　　此研究基于从近23,000名妇女身上收集到的的数据，这些妇女参加了由美国国家癌症研究所主办的多中心、以人群为基础的乳腺癌风险因素研究—乳腺癌协作研究。这项研究开始于1988年，在新罕布什尔州、马萨诸塞州和威斯康星州进行。在1998年和2001年之间的一个小的随访调查中，向大约5,000名参与者派发了关于她们诊断为乳腺癌后饮酒习惯的随访调查问卷。

　　研究人员根据对有乳腺癌病史参与者的研究发现，女性死于乳腺癌的可能性与她在被诊断出乳腺癌之前几年的饮酒数量与类型无关。相反，研究人员还发现，在乳腺癌确诊前有适度饮酒习惯（每周3至6杯酒）的人相比于从不饮酒的人死于心血管疾病的几率要小15%。特别是适度饮用葡萄酒的人死于心血管疾病的风险更低，然而饮用啤酒、烈性酒或者大量饮酒的益处则不明显。

　　对于诊断后乳腺癌患者的饮酒情况，类似的模式仍然显而易见。确诊后乳腺癌妇女饮酒的类型和总量与乳腺癌的存活没有显示出联系，但适度饮酒的人因心血管疾病的死亡率要低39%至50%。

　　是什么造成了饮酒对患乳腺癌的风险与存活的影响有所不同呢？Newcomb说：“这可能是因为激素减少疗法对这类多在饮酒妇女中诊断出的乳腺癌更有效果。”饮酒被认为能够通过增加雌激素在绝经前和绝经后妇女体内的分泌来影响乳腺癌发病风险。

与乳腺癌相关的拓展阅读：

• JNCI ：高脂饮食增加乳腺癌患者死亡率
• Lancet Oncol：手术范围、超重或肥胖影响术后乳腺癌患者上臂淋巴水肿的发病率
• JNCI：雌激素联合黄体酮会增高乳腺癌发病率
• JNCI：高脂饮食增加乳腺癌患者死亡率
• NCCN 2013：乳腺癌临床实践指南（2013.V1） 更多信息请点击：有关乳腺癌更多资讯

原文阅读：Alcohol consumption has no impact on breast cancer survival
However, breast cancer survivors who consume alcohol in moderation may have a reduced risk of dying from heart disease
SEATTLE – Although previous research has linked alcohol consumption to an increased risk of developing breast cancer, a new study has found that drinking before and after diagnosis does not impact survival from the disease. In fact, a modest survival benefit was found in women who were moderate drinkers before and after diagnosis due to a reduced risk of dying from cardiovascular disease, a major cause of mortality among breast cancer survivors.
The study results will be published in the April 8 edition of the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Polly Newcomb, Ph.D., a member of the Public Health Sciences Division and head of the Cancer Prevention Program at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, led the study.
"Our findings should be reassuring to women who have breast cancer because their past experience consuming alcohol is unlikely to impact their survival after diagnosis," said Newcomb. "This study also provides additional support for the beneficial effect of moderate alcohol consumption with respect to cardiovascular disease."
The study was based on data from almost 23,000 women with breast cancer who participated in the Collaborative Breast Cancer Study, a National Cancer Institute-sponsored, multi-site, population-based study of risk factors for breast cancer, and the largest such study of its kind. The study began in 1988 and was conducted in New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Wisconsin. In a smaller follow-up study between 1998 and 2001, about 5,000 study participants with breast cancer were also sent a follow-up questionnaire about their alcohol consumption habits after diagnosis....