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Nature:新冠溯源新突破,发现可通过ACE2感染人类细胞的蝙蝠冠状病毒

2022-02-19 “生物世界 ”公众号 “生物世界 ”公众号

新冠疫情大流行至今已超过2年时间,在全世界造成了数亿人感染和数百人死亡。然而,新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的起源引发了激烈争论,至今仍不清楚。尽管许多病毒学家断言新冠病毒最可能的起源是蝙蝠。

新冠疫情大流行至今已超过2年时间,在全世界造成了数亿人感染和数百人死亡。然而,新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的起源引发了激烈争论,至今仍不清楚。尽管许多病毒学家断言新冠病毒最可能的起源是蝙蝠,但仍缺乏实质性证据。

2022年2月16日,法国巴斯德研究所 Marc Eloit 等人在 Nature 期刊发表了题为:Bat coronaviruses related to SARS-CoV-2 and infectious for human cells 的研究论文。

研究团队在位于老挝北部的喀斯特地形石灰岩洞穴中的蝙蝠中发现了与新冠病毒基因组相似的冠状病毒,且该冠状病毒可以感染人类细胞。这一发现支持了新冠病毒可能起源于东南亚或附近地区石灰岩洞穴中的蝙蝠的假设。

在此之前,有研究在亚洲菊头蝠中发现多种与SARS-CoV-2相关的冠状病毒,然而,尚未在蝙蝠中发现与SARS-CoV-2在基因组上接近且能够通过ACE2受体感染人类细胞的SARS-CoV祖病毒,而这类病毒将是解开新冠病毒起源的关键

在这篇 Nature 论文中,研究团队检测了生活在老挝北部石灰岩洞穴中的645只蝙蝠(分属于6个科的46种蝙蝠),发现了其中有3种与SARS-CoV-2密切相关的冠状病毒。它们的受体结合域(RBD)与新冠病毒受体结合域(RBD)仅仅在与ACE2结合界面上相差一两个氨基酸残基。

更重要的是,与新冠疫情爆发之初分离的SARS-CoV-2毒株相比,这些新发现的冠状病毒与人ACE2蛋白结合效率更高,并且可以通过认ACE2进入人类细胞并在细胞中复制,而且这一过程可以被SARS-CoV-2中和抗体所抑制。而且,这些冠状病毒的刺突蛋白中都没有包含弗林蛋白酶切割位点。

总的来说,这项研究在老挝背部的石灰岩洞穴中发现了新的蝙蝠冠状病毒,它们与新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)相关,且能够通过人ACE2进入人类细胞,并在人类细胞中复制,因此具有感染人类的可能性。这些病毒的发现,为了解新冠病毒的起源提供了关键证据,表明新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)很可能起源于东南亚或附近地区石灰岩洞穴中的蝙蝠。

原始出处:

Temmam, S., Vongphayloth, K., Salazar, E.B. et al. Bat coronaviruses related to SARS-CoV-2 and infectious for human cells. Nature (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04532-4.

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    2022-10-16 liye789132251
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    2022-04-09 shanyongle
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    2022-10-15 zxxiang
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    2022-02-20 1351fc2f66m

    又是蝙蝠

    0

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