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这样的急性心衰,你见过吗?

2017-10-10 杨明烽 医学界急诊与重症频道

患者,女,46 岁,因突发呼吸困难入抢救室。端坐呼吸,呼吸急促,咳粉红色泡沫痰。1 月前有主动脉夹层介入治疗病史,植入支架, 10 年前有开腹腹主动脉瘤手术史,具体叙述不清。

病史简介

患者,女,46 岁,因突发呼吸困难入抢救室。端坐呼吸,呼吸急促,咳粉红色泡沫痰。1 月前有主动脉夹层介入治疗病史,植入支架, 10 年前有开腹腹主动脉瘤手术史,具体叙述不清。

听诊两肺可及弥漫湿罗音,心律齐,约 120 次每分,无心脏杂音。心超、心电图无特殊发现。CT 如下:

定位片可见主动脉内两枚支架影。上箭头示支架一,下箭头示支架二。

横断面示支架一上段压扁。


横断面示支架一上段压扁,较上图略膨开。


膈肌脚水平横断面示支架一此处膨胀良好。

一、抢救

阅读现 CT,见支架一近端锚定区未位于常规的主动脉峡部,位置明显靠下,现锁骨下动脉开口以远仍可见内膜破口,胸降主动脉夹层,假腔压力大,导致位于真腔内的支架一近端被压扁,引起急性主动脉阻塞,致使左心室后负荷迅速上升,引起急性左心衰。需迅速开通主动脉,先尝试介入,不行,替代方案,开胸升主动脉-股动脉旁路,或胸降主动脉替换,后者手术更为复杂。

切开暴露左股动脉,幸好,支架一压得还不算扁,超硬导丝通过顺利,成功植入一枚裸支架,将压扁的支架一撑起,另近端紧贴左锁骨下动脉植入一枚覆膜支架封闭此处的内膜破口。

术毕,心衰迅速缓解。



二、到底怎么回事?

让家属把前后的医疗资料都寻找来,理理。

患者 10 年前因真性腹主动脉瘤,正中开腹行腹主动脉瘤切除术。1 月前因 Stanford B 型主动脉夹层行支架植入术。她的夹层形态相对少见,从术前的 CT 和术中的造影看,内膜破裂口位于腹部内脏动脉区,胸降主动脉无内膜破口,但存在中层分离,内有血肿。术者手术方案为,先在右肾动脉内植入一枚支架作为内标记,因支架较小,定位片上看不清,将支架一远端紧贴腹腔干释放,支架二近端紧贴肾动脉释放,远端位于原替换腹主动脉瘤的人工血管内,故直径明显变小。右髂动脉内的支架为隔绝此处的动脉瘤。


本次抢救后,支架一处两层支架影。


箭头示右肾动脉。

推测,因 1 月前的治疗后,胸降主主动脉贴近左锁骨下动脉开口再发内膜破口,而因支架一的存在,下游没有再形成内膜破口,导致假腔内压力巨大,而压扁支架一。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=252553, encodeId=658d252553f5, content=很好的专题,值得品味及分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/mzZkwf53jx0oribz8WkmVTPTSib4iaRMXz6nkEOaqWPjgyYWQoLa8J2WCicWvb8SrhhZz5sgUcwmQnMQ1lJcA7Fhxg/0, createdBy=9b182084756, createdName=yunger, createdTime=Fri Oct 13 12:58:37 CST 2017, time=2017-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1359789, encodeId=774f1359e89cd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5aa95229085' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急性心衰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52290, encryptionId=5aa95229085, topicName=急性心衰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Wed Oct 11 15:05:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=251666, encodeId=344825166696, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Tue Oct 10 07:00:32 CST 2017, time=2017-10-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=251644, encodeId=250925164496, content=典型少见病历.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5cee2018203, createdName=1e207054m17(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 10 04:48:35 CST 2017, time=2017-10-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=251637, encodeId=d7ae25163e2e, content=学习了很有用不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Tue Oct 10 00:35:05 CST 2017, time=2017-10-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-13 yunger

    很好的专题,值得品味及分享

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=252553, encodeId=658d252553f5, content=很好的专题,值得品味及分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/mzZkwf53jx0oribz8WkmVTPTSib4iaRMXz6nkEOaqWPjgyYWQoLa8J2WCicWvb8SrhhZz5sgUcwmQnMQ1lJcA7Fhxg/0, createdBy=9b182084756, createdName=yunger, createdTime=Fri Oct 13 12:58:37 CST 2017, time=2017-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1359789, encodeId=774f1359e89cd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5aa95229085' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急性心衰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52290, encryptionId=5aa95229085, topicName=急性心衰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Wed Oct 11 15:05:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=251666, encodeId=344825166696, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Tue Oct 10 07:00:32 CST 2017, time=2017-10-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=251644, encodeId=250925164496, content=典型少见病历.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5cee2018203, createdName=1e207054m17(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 10 04:48:35 CST 2017, time=2017-10-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=251637, encodeId=d7ae25163e2e, content=学习了很有用不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Tue Oct 10 00:35:05 CST 2017, time=2017-10-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2017-10-10 yfjms

    学习了

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=252553, encodeId=658d252553f5, content=很好的专题,值得品味及分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/mzZkwf53jx0oribz8WkmVTPTSib4iaRMXz6nkEOaqWPjgyYWQoLa8J2WCicWvb8SrhhZz5sgUcwmQnMQ1lJcA7Fhxg/0, createdBy=9b182084756, createdName=yunger, createdTime=Fri Oct 13 12:58:37 CST 2017, time=2017-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1359789, encodeId=774f1359e89cd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5aa95229085' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急性心衰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52290, encryptionId=5aa95229085, topicName=急性心衰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Wed Oct 11 15:05:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=251666, encodeId=344825166696, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Tue Oct 10 07:00:32 CST 2017, time=2017-10-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=251644, encodeId=250925164496, content=典型少见病历.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5cee2018203, createdName=1e207054m17(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 10 04:48:35 CST 2017, time=2017-10-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=251637, encodeId=d7ae25163e2e, content=学习了很有用不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Tue Oct 10 00:35:05 CST 2017, time=2017-10-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-10 1e207054m17(暂无匿称)

    典型少见病历.学习了

    0

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    2017-10-10 飛歌

    学习了很有用不错

    0

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