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Cell Rep:2型糖尿病新希望:肠道菌群代谢物「对甲酚」恢复胰岛功能

2020-02-22 Walter 转化医学网

随着生活水平提高,我国中老年人中2型糖尿病发病率约为10%,另有30%为糖尿病高风险人群。由于糖尿病前期进展缓慢,诊断发现不及时;后期需要使用大量药物,通过增加胰岛素分泌、提高细胞胰岛素敏感性和减少肠道糖摄入,严格控制血糖,为患者生活带来极大不便。

随着生活水平提高,我国中老年人中2型糖尿病发病率约为10%,另有30%为糖尿病高风险人群。由于糖尿病前期进展缓慢,诊断发现不及时;后期需要使用大量药物,通过增加胰岛素分泌、提高细胞胰岛素敏感性和减少肠道糖摄入,严格控制血糖,为患者生活带来极大不便。

近日,法国巴黎大学的Dominique Gauguier团队在Cell Reports上发表重要工作,发现糖尿病患者和健康人血浆中一种肠道菌群的代谢物——对甲酚含量显着不同,并且通过离体和动物实验证明,治疗剂量的对甲酚有助于恢复胰岛素的分泌并维持体内葡萄糖稳态,具有潜在的生物标志物和治疗作用。

首先,研究者使用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对148名成年人的血液样本进行半定量的靶向代谢组学分析,希望鉴别出不同疾病对应的分子标志物。其中,对甲酚(4-甲基苯酚,4-cresol),一种肠道菌群的代谢产物含量与糖尿病的发生成负相关。即,血糖越高者体内对甲酚含量越低。


血液对甲酚含量与血糖成负相关

接着,研究者使用肥胖高血糖模型小鼠验证对甲酚的作用,发现连续6周每天皮下注射低剂量0.04M对甲酚的肥胖小鼠,较对照组体重显着下降,胰脏质量显着增加;肝甘油三酯下降,糖耐量、空腹血糖显着降低,葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌增加,各项指标均得到显着改善。


对甲酚使肥胖高血糖小鼠各项指标改善

进一步,研究者发现对甲酚能诱导胰腺中胰岛素分泌旺盛的区域增生、胰岛β细胞总质量增加、胰岛素分泌增加,上升幅度与胰高血糖素GLP-1作用相似。研究者通过体外实验,初步证明对甲酚是通过DYRK1A激酶的表达下调介导的。


对甲酚恢复胰岛功能

对甲酚是酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸的结肠微生物发酵产物,在环境中存在于食品(烟熏食品、西红柿、芦笋、乳制品)、饮料(咖啡、红茶、葡萄酒)香烟烟雾、木材燃烧物以及自来水中,可以通过食用、吸入和皮肤接触摄入体内。对甲酚具有毒性,口服致死剂量LD50为200-5000 mg/kg/天,240-2000 mg/kg/天的饮食暴露量将引起呼吸道上皮刺激和肝功能恶化。本研究中使用的剂量(0.5mg/kg/天)为极低剂量。

本研究发现对甲酚可作为2型糖尿病预测的新的生物标志物,并对胰岛功能的恢复作用显着。尽管目前还有待进一步临床实验的证明,鉴于对甲酚与肠道菌群的紧密联系,研究者提出通过饮食对肠道菌群作出精细调节,进而改善2型糖尿病症状的可能性,为糖尿病患者的临床治疗开辟新思路!

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    2020-09-20 baoya
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    2020-03-03 维他命
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    2020-10-06 珙桐
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    2020-02-22 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

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