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Cancer cell:多发性骨髓瘤的遗传异质性

2014-01-17 佚名 不详

来自Broad研究所的研究人员发现,在多发性骨髓瘤患者的肿瘤中存在着具有不同突变的癌细胞群。这一研究发现有可能在未来影响多发性骨髓瘤患者的治疗。相关论文发表在1月13日的《癌细胞》(Cancer Cell)杂志上。这项迄今为止最全面的多发性骨髓瘤遗传研究,揭示出这种疾病的遗传景观有可能比以前认为的要复杂的多。 论文的共同资深作者、Broad 研究所首席科学家Todd

来自Broad研究所的研究人员发现,在多发性骨髓瘤患者的肿瘤中存在着具有不同突变的癌细胞群。这一研究发现有可能在未来影响多发性骨髓瘤患者的治疗。相关论文发表在1月13日的《癌细胞》(Cancer Cell)杂志上。这项迄今为止最全面的多发性骨髓瘤遗传研究,揭示出这种疾病的遗传景观有可能比以前认为的要复杂的多。

论文的共同资深作者、Broad 研究所首席科学家Todd Golub 说:“新研究工作向我们表明,当我们治疗罹患多发性骨髓瘤的个体患者时,有可能我们看到的不只是一种疾病,而是许多种疾病——在同一患者的体内,可能存在着具有不同遗传构成的癌细胞。这些研究结果表明,当我们朝着精确癌症药物和以基因组为基础的诊断法不断前行之时,有必要鉴别肿瘤内的遗传多样性程度。”

针对来自200多名多发性骨髓瘤患者的样本开展详细研究,Golub和同事们鉴别出已知在癌症中发挥重要作用的几个关键基因发生了频繁的突变,包括KRAS、NRAS和 BRAF。但他们发现其中许多的突变并非存在于肿瘤的所有癌细胞中,相反它们往往只存在于一小部分细胞——亚克隆群(subclonal population)中。

当前许多有前景的癌症治疗针对的都是单个特异的遗传突变。这项新研究表明,在肿瘤由这些亚克隆群构成的患者中这样的靶向疗法有可能存在局限性。

该研究小组在实验室开展后续试验,尤其针对现有几种抑制剂靶向的癌基因BRAF展开调查,探讨了这对于治疗的一些影响。以往的研究表明,大约4%的多发性骨髓瘤患者有可能具有这种基因突变,近期的一项研究报告称采用BRAF靶向药物治疗一名多发性骨髓瘤患者显示出有前景的结果。此外,BRAF抑制剂还一直被用来治疗罹患黑色素瘤和其他癌症形式的患者。然而,在实验室中Golub研究小组发现采用其中的一种靶向药物来治疗包含亚克隆BRAF突变的肿瘤,在最好的情况下也只能杀死部分的细胞,在最坏的情况下会刺激其他的癌细胞亚群生长。

论文的共同第一作者、Broad 研究所科研工作者Jens Lohr 说:“这些药物在某些多发性骨髓瘤患者中显示出明显的潜力,但我们证实在另一些患者中也具有潜在的问题。如果患者所携带的一种BRAF突变并非存在于100%的细胞中,或是他同时具有KRAS或NRAS突变,就有可能会影响对一种抑制剂的反应。”

耐药已成为了诸如BRAF抑制剂等靶向疗法治疗患者的一个重要障碍。新研究表明,亚克隆群有可能是许多患者在治疗后病情复发的一个潜在原因。

论文共同资深作者、Broad研究所成员Gad Getz所领导的癌症基因组计算分析研究小组开发出了一种称作为ABSOLUTE的计算技术。研究人员利用这一技术对构成肿瘤的癌细胞群进行了遗传种群调查。在这项研究中,他们利用ABSOLUTE分析了来自许多样本的信息,也利用这种算法分析了来自单个患者的信息。这使得癌症研究人员能够对特定肿瘤开展检测,确定哪部分细胞包含BRAF突变或其他的突变。

这种亚克隆群问题并非多发性骨髓瘤所特有。研究人员正应用相同的技术来探讨其他的癌症形式,以寻找单个肿瘤中的遗传多样性细胞群。

Lohr 说:“为了正确地选择靶向治疗,我们必须开展这些研究。用恰当的药物来治疗恰当的患者或许并非发现一个突变,就用一种药物来靶向它那么简单。我们必须心中紧记这一附加的异质性参数,不断地探索它对于治疗的意义。”

原文出处:

Jens G. Lohr, Petar Stojanov, Scott L. Carter, Peter Cruz-Gordillo, Michael S. Lawrence, Daniel Auclair, Carrie Sougnez, Birgit Knoechel, Joshua Gould, Gordon Saksena, Kristian Cibulskis, Aaron McKenna, Michael A. Chapman, Ravid Straussman, Joan Levy, Louise M. Perkins, Jonathan J. Keats, Steven E. Schumacher, Mara Rosenberg, The Multiple Myeloma Research Consortium, Gad Getz, Todd R. Golub.Widespread Genetic Heterogeneity in Multiple Myeloma: Implications for Targeted Therapy.Cancer Cell, Volume 25, Issue 1, 91-101, 13 January 2014 

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    2014-09-04 维他命
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    2014-11-06 jml2009
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