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曲秀芬:该如何认识房颤消融术后3月内频发房性心律失常?

2017-12-04 卢芳 中国循环杂志

房颤射频消融术后的空白期内发生房性心律失常较为常见,这些早发的房性心律失常对远期复发有无影响?如何处理?哈尔滨医科大学附属第一临床医院曲秀芬、胡美洲等在我刊进行了阐述。


房颤射频消融术后的空白期内发生房性心律失常较为常见,这些早发的房性心律失常对远期复发有无影响?如何处理?哈尔滨医科大学附属第一临床医院曲秀芬、胡美洲等在我刊进行了阐述。
 
空白期频发房性心律失常者远期随访有较高复发风险
 
目前空白期定义为房颤消融术后3个月。有研究通过心脏磁共振成像进行精密检测后显示,消融瘢痕是在消融术后3个月内形成,因此术后3个月内会可能会发生一过性心律失常。有数据表明,空白期快速性房性心律失常发生率平均约为38%。
 
作者指出,早期复发并非代表消融失败,不过也有一部分定义为远期复发的患者其实在空白期已经复发。
 
基于“房颤触发房颤”的理论,若空白期内任其发生房颤或房速,其带来的电学、结构学变化可能为房颤的维持和发展促生潜在基质,从而降低消融效果。而且对于空白期频发房性心律失常者,远期随访有较高的复发风险。
 
因此,作者强调,在空白期复发患者中识别出可能发生远期复发的患者并及早进行干预,具有重要意义。
 
空白期房性心律失常的处理及预防:短期口服胺碘酮及抗炎都可行
 
在空白期内短期应用胺碘酮和糖皮质激素抗炎治疗等可减少早期房性心律失常的发生,但它们并不能提高长期消融成功率。
 
其中对于糖皮质激素,有研究显示,术后3天内使用糖皮质激素者房颤复发率降低(7% vs 31%),但是在术后4~30 天用则对房颤复发风险无明显影响。
 
秋水仙碱是一种很有前途的药物,在孤立的研中被证明可以减少早期和晚期复发,但需要更大规模的前瞻性研究来证实这种效应。

另外,针对远期复发高危患者(存在与远期复发相关的临床特点、房颤类型、术中情况参数),必要时空白期内可行心内电生理检查和二次消融治疗。

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