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我与NEJM不得不说的故事

2015-07-16 老李飞刀 MedSci原创

如果说黄家驷外科学是引领我真正喜欢医学的导师,那么新英格兰医学杂志(New England Journal of Medicine,以下简称NEJM)就是开启我阅读外文文献的钥匙。最先认识他是2005年在实习期间看到一篇关于sepsis的综述,那篇文章是2003年发表的。可那时候我还在上大学,上网也很不方便,也没有这样的阅读外文文献的意识。打开NEJM的杂志页面,令我十分惊奇的是里面的内容居然

如果说黄家驷外科学是引领我真正喜欢医学的导师,那么新英格兰医学杂志(New England Journal of Medicine,以下简称NEJM)就是开启我阅读外文文献的钥匙。最先认识他是2005年在实习期间看到一篇关于sepsis的综述,那篇文章是2003年发表的。可那时候我还在上大学,上网也很不方便,也没有这样的阅读外文文献的意识。打开NEJM的杂志页面,令我十分惊奇的是里面的内容居然完全免费,那时候对老美的慷慨真是佩服之至。

首先介绍一下NEJM这本杂志。作为四大医学综合杂志之首,NEJM北京时间每周四早晨更新,影响因子目前已经攀升至54.42分,仅次于那个奇葩杂志cancer journal for clinician,里面的内容也跟随医学进展逐步改变,多以各专科大型多中心临床研究为主。

可在我心中最大的改变,是2009年NEJM发表了一篇声明,说随着中国国力日益上升,已经不是经济欠发达国家了,因此在中国大陆不能免费浏览了。我在想是不是2008年北京奥运会的成功举办让老美很受伤,记得那段时期几乎所有国外发给我的Email开头就是:祝贺你,北京奥运会真的很精彩。那时候有点无所适从的感觉,每周四早上定期浏览的杂志却看不到全文了,而且还不知道在哪个数据库中可以找到。用Pubmed下面的Linkout有Ovid和Proquest数据库收录,打开来Ovid只能看到摘要,Proquest也要在三个月之后才能看到全文。但是真的很难在三个月之后还记得去把这篇自己感兴趣的文章下载下来,那时候可能已经记不起。

第一次见到NEJM的真身是2008年在医院图书馆,整个红色主调。NEJM网站(www.nejm.org)的内容更加丰富,编排也非常人性化。检索功能也十分强大,NEJM分类主要包括三种:第一个This week和Last week。第二种就是Specialties and Topic,就是分不同的专业种类,第三种就是文章类型,如综述(Review),论著(Original article),临床实践(Clinic practice),观点(Perspective)等。
作为麻醉医师,我在杂志中更多关注麻醉,重症,心血管,呼吸,输血以及各种临床科室中的综述。下面就简单列举我在读NEJM中的几篇对我影响非常大的文章,其中也夹杂我对麻醉或者学习,人生的一点看法。

1.1999年Fleisher Lee 发表的心脏病人行非心脏手术的流程图至今让我记忆尤深,并且许多东西至今我都无法完全理解,或者说在真正面对病人时仍无所适从,也大概也是很多年轻医师所面临的问题:如何将你所学的知识应用到临床病人的处理当中。这就需要你不断的思考,不断地积累总结,当知识达到一定程度时,你碰到某种问题,脑子中可以条件反射般的想到哪种治疗方案。

心脏病人非心脏手术是麻醉学科的一个重大主题,随着人口老龄化,这样的病人只会越来越多。其中围手术期涉及的问题非常之多,例如心梗患者围手术期管理,围手术期抗凝治疗药物的调整,术前β受体阻断剂的使用等等。NEJM每年至少数篇关于这样的报告。阅读这些让我扩展自己的知识面,也认识了很多相关的杂志,例如Lancet,Circulation,JACC等等。而每次AHA/ACC更新相关指南时,Anesthesia and Analgesia与Anesthesiology都会有摘要刊出。

2.2003年NEJM发表一篇sepsis在美国的流行病学以及病理生理综述,这也是我第一次接触NEJM,毕竟我是学麻醉专业的,而危重症医学也是麻醉科的分支之一。这篇文章让我更加深入了解sepsis的病生,治疗,也让我当年考研的时候去读重症医学的念头,而且也和国内大牛方教授联系过。文章让我了解国外许多研究sepsis治疗的报道,例如 ARDS networking中的容许性高碳酸性血症,保护性肺通气模式,强化胰岛素治疗,靶向液体输注,活化蛋白C治疗等。文章中的reference也认识Critical Care Medicine,American journal of respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, JAMA, Intensive Care 等杂志。这也证明sepsis也是美国人的主要疾病谱之一,中国更多的是失血性休克,美国更多的是脓毒血症性休克,后者的处理难度以及死亡率更高。

3.2007年五月份Cleveland clinic 的Nissen教授发表了一篇足以让他挨子弹的文章,文迪雅(罗格列酮)可能导致心血管事件发生率增加,于是乎各种杂志的宣传接憧而至,有褒有贬,但更多的是口诛笔伐,说里面所列举的RCT都是有缺陷的,说作者仅凭一篇meta分析不足以这样下结论等。据后来美国回来的一位老师说那时候美国电视台报纸杂志也是铺天盖地报道这一事件,最终FDA经不住压力将其列入black box,基本退市了。葛兰素史克公司(GSK)气的掉了牙齿往肚子里吞,可又没办法。

这不禁让我想起了其他药物如cox阻断剂,抑肽酶,或者麻醉常用的万汶,前两者均已退市,而万汶也在拼命挣扎,前两年也是灰头土脸,最近又死灰复燃,每个都在自己退市之前奋力抗争。我想最终也不能逃脱自身的缺点。也说明商人都是唯利是图,所有的临床研究都是只报喜不报忧。这件事情也让我想起BMJ发表的英国抗高血压一线药物与二线药物,很遗憾将β受体阻断剂作为二线药物,于是乎国内心血管专家又是群起激愤,认为这怎么可以,那不是要死掉一大批人了,姑且不论到底是英国专家厉害还是中国专家更加内行。但当我每次看到文章后面的the authors declare no interests自己也是会心一笑。

4.2008年2月份我还在读研究生的时候,NEJM发表了一篇关于BIS与呼气末麻醉药物监测(ETAG)预防术中知晓的文章(B-Aware研究)。这篇文章我后来在科室中做了一期读书报告。令我十分奇怪的是当我把NEJM的网页展示出来的时候很多人都在记录,心里有些小得意,这么好的杂志居然不知道,还是由我来做这个传播大使。

这篇文章给我的感觉就是:术中知晓发生率较低,与监测呼气末麻醉药物浓度降低术中知晓发生率比较,BIS并没有优势。也让我第一次接触NNT的概念。也就是病人到底需要怎么样的治疗措施与监测。回想之前在阅读Miller’s Anesthesia中就有这样的说法。例如在术前评估中常规胸片与心电图检查是否可以降低术后心肺并发症或者对患者有多大益处。我们总不能为了那极少数,而兴师动众,列为常规。因此,在我参加工作之后,很少使用BIS监测麻醉深度,也很少使用TIVA,因为这是术中知晓的高危因素之一。以至于科室护士都怕和我搭台了,因为我们医院基本没有麻醉废气回收装置。甚至有护士讨好我说今天能不能不要吸入麻醉。

有一天,BiSpect公司请了Australia的教授来我们科室讲课。当他滔滔不绝讲了近一个小时后,把BIS的机制,临床应用等说的天花乱坠。在他打算结束讲课,我仍没有看到他要拿出NEJM这篇文章的意思,我就举手提出了这篇文章的结论。他的脸顿时红了起来,估计是感觉遇到了一位挑战者,他马上在自己电脑文件夹中将那篇文章展示出来,叽里呱啦说了一大堆不是很标准的英文。恕本人听力不好,实在不懂。好吧,我求饶,就算你说的是这篇文章观察的是BIS检测术中知晓的效能问题而不是效应问题。可是我就感觉BIS的效能和呼气末气体浓度没啥区别啊。事实证明我的想法,在2011年NEJM又发表了一篇文章,证实即使在术中知晓高危患者中,BIS预防术中知晓能力甚至较ETAG更低。这个小插曲,我只是拿出来大家例证一下,大家在看书或文献时心理多留个心眼,不可不信不可全信,圣人云:尽信书不如无书。

5.在我的印象中NEJM总共发了三篇关于分娩镇痛的文章,分别是original article,clinical practice,review。这三篇文章在整个分娩镇痛的推广中占据十分重要的地位。很多作者在讲课时均引用他们,包括我自己。而更加吸引我的是里面的图片,非常精彩。简单的图表将分娩疼痛的病理生理,对产妇影响,麻醉穿刺路径等描述的形象生动。不禁佩服国外专家的画图功底以及文章写作水平,很多东西真的不用繁杂的语言来描述,而只需要简洁的t表格和图形来表达自己的意思,也让读者一目了然。这也让我受益颇多,自己也在平时的学习中尽量收藏一些表达不同含义的图片,漫画,流程图,信号通路图等,在下次制作PPT时随手拈来,表达的内容页言简意赅,岂不更好。

这里还得说下Cell杂志,其中发表的论著基本都配备一幅研究思路图,类似如我们撰写标书中的研究路线图而且Cell杂志电子版末尾snapshot发表大量的信号通路图或机制图非常经典。

6.临床实践(clinical practice)绝对是NEJM的招牌栏目之一,有时候觉得里面的内容比review还好。文章首先列举一个小小的病例然后根据这个病例提出问题,然后进行文献复习,提出处理方案,并在最后提出今后所需要进行进一步研究论证的问题。这种就是我们常用的case report and literature review的格式。我硕士毕业至今已经发表了四篇case report,个人觉得这也是住院医师在工作学习中非常的方法之一,首先你在临床上碰到问题,然后回去查阅书籍文献,阅读相关文献报道或者综述。同时继续观察病人病情变化,总结临床材料,撰写综述。对自己而言可以深入学习,下次碰到同样的问题就心里有底了。再一个就是提高自己的写作水平。尽管这种文章不能作为你的晋升之用,但技多不压身,你的写作技能与临床水平不正是这种平时锻炼而来么?

(作者单位:温州市人民医院麻醉科)

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    2015-07-17 owlhealth

    发一篇定无数篇

    0

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    2015-07-17 owlhealth

    发一篇定无数篇

    0

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    2015-07-16 文刀

    发一篇顶10篇

    0

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    2015-07-16 ndd99

    见识了高手

    0

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    2015-07-16 Chaddock

    写的真好

    0

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