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JACC:少摄入饱和脂肪酸,冠心病风险大大降低

2015-09-29 QQduhq 译 MedSci原创

一项发表在《美国心脏病学会杂志》的研究表明,大量摄入饱和脂肪酸会增加民众中风和心脏病发作的风险,且会导致高脂血症。若将不饱和脂肪酸和高质量碳水化合物代替饱和脂肪酸食用,将会对机体健康有积极的影响。 专家建议,饱和脂肪酸提供的热量至多占5-6%。例如,若一个人每日需热量2000卡,则他摄入的饱和脂肪酸提供的热量应不超过120卡,即不超过13克。那么,可替代饱和脂肪酸的健康食物是什么呢?植物油如橄榄油



一项发表在《美国心脏病学会杂志》的研究表明,大量摄入饱和脂肪酸会增加民众中风和心脏病发作的风险,且会导致高脂血症。若将不饱和脂肪酸和高质量碳水化合物代替饱和脂肪酸食用,将会对机体健康有积极的影响。 

专家建议,饱和脂肪酸提供的热量至多占5-6%。例如,若一个人每日需热量2000卡,则他摄入的饱和脂肪酸提供的热量应不超过120卡,即不超过13克。

那么,可替代饱和脂肪酸的健康食物是什么呢?

植物油如橄榄油、菜籽油、花生油、红花油和芝麻油,或单一不饱和脂肪酸如大豆油、玉米油和向日葵油等多为不饱和脂肪酸。富含脂肪的鱼类,如鲑鱼、鲭鱼、鲱鱼和鲑鱼,或坚果和种子,大豆和豆腐等也是健康的替代品。 

饱和脂肪主要来自于动物,如肉类,包括鸡皮,动物油如猪油和黄油、乳制品。许多加工食品、烘焙食品和油炸食品含有高浓度的饱和脂肪酸。一些植物油,如棕榈油、棕榈仁油和椰子油,也含有饱和脂肪酸,但是不含胆固醇。 

美国心脏协会建议,民众应少摄入富含饱和脂肪的食物,多摄入富含单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪的食物。

173230名医生和护士共同参与1976年和1986年进行的两项研究。经筛选,共有84624名女性和42908名男性符合研究条件。在参与人员中,共发生了7667例心血管疾病事件。研究人员主要通过问卷调查,在研究初始时询问参与者的饮食、生活方式、既往病史、现病史,具体内容为去年他们摄入食物的频率和质量,包括摄入脂肪或油的种类,然后每隔2-4年再次请参与人员填写调查问卷,随访时间长达24-30年。

研究发现,当参与者不摄入饱和脂肪饮食时,他们倾向于摄入低质量的碳水化合物,如白面包或土豆,而不是全谷物等来满足能量所需。且他们患冠心病的风险降低了25%;当他们改为摄入单一不饱和脂肪酸时,患冠心病的风险降低15%;当他们改为粗粮时,患冠心病的风险降低9%。若将5%的饱和脂肪酸换为精制淀粉或糖,则患病风险不变。
因此,胡博士建议:

将黄油、人造黄油和猪油改为菜籽油、橄榄油或其他植物油;

不摄入薯片和饼干,改为花生,杏仁和橄榄;

用全麦面包代替白面包奶酪三明治,鳄梨和鸡胸肉。 

因此,若民众合理饮食,健康饮食,患冠心病的风险将大大降低。

原始出处:

Saturated fats too often replaced with unhealthy alternatives,MNT,29,Sep,2015

Saturated fats compared with unsaturated fats and sources of carbohydrates in relation to risk of coronary heart Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study, Yanping Li et al., J. Am. Coll. Cardiol, 28 Sep 2015

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    2016-07-15 hbwxf
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瑞典一项研究表明,在健康人群中,过量摄入饱和脂肪酸(SFA)可导致肝脏和内脏脂肪蓄积,过量摄入多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)则可促进无脂肪组织增加。论文于2月18日在线发表于《糖尿病》(Diabetes)杂志。 此项双盲、平行组、随机试验共纳入39例体重正常的青年受试者,并且受试者在7周期间过量摄入SFA(棕榈油)或PUFA(葵花籽油)高含量松饼。利用MRI评估肝脏脂肪、

反式脂肪酸被限、胆固醇被解限,那饱和脂肪酸被洗白了吗?

对于饮食中的不同类型的营养成分,我们究竟应该摄入多少,这是目前研究、建议和争论的焦点。今年6月16日,美国食品与药品管理局(FDA)发布一项法规,将在3年内逐步清除加工食品中的人造反式脂肪,最终彻底禁用。作为反式脂肪酸的主要来源,部份氢化油在过去已属于“公认安全”分类,而FDA此次做出的最终裁定否决了这一观点。取而代之的是,反式脂肪酸是一类食品添加剂,未经FDA授权不得加入食物。该举动再次让脂肪酸

ANN INTERN MED:饱和脂肪酸并无增加心脏病风险

一个国际研究小组18日报告说,他们研究发现,摄入饱和脂肪酸并无增加心脏病风险之虞,而不饱和脂肪酸总体上也无助于降低心血管疾病风险。 饱和脂肪酸主要存在于牛肉、羊肉等大多数肉类的脂肪中,不饱和脂肪酸主要来自蔬菜、水果、奶类等。传统观点认为多吃含饱和脂肪酸的食物会增加心血管疾病风险,而不饱和脂肪酸则有助于降低血液黏度,减少相关风险。 英国剑桥大学研究人员和美国、荷兰等国同行在美国《内科学纪

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