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Am J Cardiol:近1/4老年患者不开胸主动脉瓣换瓣术后谵妄,经心尖途径风险增3倍

2018-09-23 朱柳媛 中国循环杂志

经导管主动脉瓣置换术(不开胸换瓣)目前在临床的应用越来越常见。近期,发表在美国心血管病学杂志上的一项综述显示,在因主动脉瓣狭窄而接受择期不开胸换瓣术的60岁以上患者中,23%术后出现谵妄。

经导管主动脉瓣置换术(不开胸换瓣)目前在临床的应用越来越常见。近期,发表在美国血管病学杂志上的一项综述显示,在因主动脉瓣狭窄而接受择期不开胸换瓣术的60岁以上患者中,23%术后出现谵妄。

谵妄是急性发作的意识混乱,伴注意力不集中,思维混乱、不连贯以及感知功能异常。而术后谵妄是指患者在经历外科手术后出现的谵妄,主要发生在术后2~3 d。

研究者对9项研究中接受不开胸换瓣术的患者数据进行了分析。术后至少3天均评估了谵妄的研究显示,术后谵妄发生率为24.9%,而术后3天并非每天评估谵妄的研究中,术后谵妄发生率仅2%。

就合并症的影响来看,颈动脉疾病的影响最大,合并颈动脉疾病的患者术后出现谵妄的可能性增加3倍。认知功能受损、房颤、外周动脉疾病、高血压和既往卒中/短暂性脑缺血发作对术后谵妄的影响较小。

在围术期因素中,经心尖途径换瓣和急性肾损伤与术后谵妄显著相关,分别可使术后谵妄发生风险增加3倍和4倍。

作者指出,对于合并颈动脉疾病、认知功能受损、房颤、卒中/短暂性脑缺血发作、外周动脉疾病和高血压的患者,经心尖途径不开胸主动脉瓣换瓣术后应考虑采取预防性措施来预防谵妄。另外,围术期应尽可能预防急性肾损伤,因为这是术后谵妄的一个可控危险因素。

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    2019-05-25 okhuali
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