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幽门螺杆菌精准治疗案例1 ——胃癌家族史、肾移植后

2018-09-16 成大夫 成大夫谈消化

几个月一位患者因发现幽门螺杆菌感染前来医院就诊。患者男性,39岁,因父亲近期发现胃癌而体检进行了呼气试验的检查,发现幽门螺杆菌感染。具有胃癌家族史,是幽门螺杆菌感染根除治疗的指征之一。

癌家族史,发现幽门螺杆菌感染

几个月一位患者因发现幽门螺杆菌感染前来医院就诊。患者男性,39岁,因父亲近期发现癌而体检进行了呼气试验的检查,发现幽门螺杆菌感染。具有胃癌家族史,是幽门螺杆菌感染根除治疗的指征之一。

年轻感染者,简单易治的病例?

患者年龄不到40岁,也没有明显的胃肠道症状,这原本应当是一个比较简单的病例,做一下胃镜检查排除一下肿瘤,再制定一个常规方案进行根除治疗就可以了。但经过仔细询问病史,我发现这个病例并不简单。

患者12年前因肾功能衰竭而接受了肾移植治疗,患者还有高血压,目前患者每天需要服用8种药物,有降压药、抗排异药、激素、免疫抑制剂等。患者在肾移植后,还曾经出现慢性腹泻,经检查后考虑与肾移植后排异和免疫抑制剂相关可能。这些因素是幽门螺杆菌感染治疗的抗衡因素,当存在这些抗衡因素时,如果没有必须治疗的指征,通常不建议进行幽门螺杆菌的根除治疗。

存在幽门螺杆菌根除治疗的抗衡因素,
怎么办?

治疗幽门螺杆菌感染,需要联合包含抗生素在内的多种药物进行治疗,这些药物都需要经过人体的肝脏和肾脏进行代谢,而抗生素是引起人体肝肾损害的常见药物。患者的移植肾非常宝贵,万一在应用抗生素的治疗中诱发了肾损害,后果不堪设想,因此如果没有必须治疗的指征,对这些患者不建议进行幽门螺杆菌的根除治疗。

但考虑到患者还年轻,有胃癌家族史,虽然患者目前没有明显的不适症状,但并不能判断他将来不会发生胃癌。为了进一步判断患者胃癌发生的风险情况,我建议患者先做一下胃镜检查了解一下胃内的情况,同时通过采取胃黏膜组织进行幽门螺杆菌的全基因组测序和耐药基因检测,以了解患者感染的幽门螺杆菌的致病性和细菌对抗生素的耐药情况。

胃镜检查 —— 胃溃疡

患者顺利的接受了胃镜,胃镜检查时发现患者胃窦部位有一处隆起凹陷性病变伴有溃疡,胃角部位还有一个小溃疡,我心里咯噔一下,希望病理检查不要有太大的问题,几天后,患者的胃镜病理结果出来,溃疡是良性的,病理检查提示患者的胃黏膜存在重度慢性炎和活动性炎症。溃疡病是幽门螺杆菌根除治疗的强烈推荐指征,患者还有胃癌家族史,他的幽门螺杆菌是一定要治疗的了,怎么治疗?用什么方案,能够即安全又有效呢?

基因检测—— 高毒力菌株、耐药菌株

幽门螺杆菌全基因组检测显示:患者感染的幽门螺杆菌属于高毒力高致病性菌株,其分型为CagA+东方型/VacA+s1m1,毒性相关基因A(CagA)、空泡细胞毒素A(VacA)均阳性。膜外炎症蛋白、黏附相关脂蛋白AB、IV型分泌系统等各致病基因功能均正常,属于强毒性菌株。患者父亲发生胃癌,考虑与其感染高毒力幽门螺杆菌有关。

幽门螺杆菌耐药基因检测显示:患者感染的幽门螺杆菌对克拉霉素、甲硝唑、左氧氟沙星均耐药,只对阿莫西林、呋喃唑酮、四环素敏感。

患者质子泵抑制剂基因多态性检测:快代谢型。

制定个体化治疗方案
—— 成功根除幽门螺杆菌

患者感染的幽门螺杆菌只对阿莫西林、呋喃唑酮和四环素敏感;呋喃唑酮主要在肾脏代谢,患者肾移植术后,不宜应用;四环素可能会引起肝损害,患者同时服用的多种药物,会增加四环素导致肝损害的风险。幸好患者对阿莫西林不过敏,但如果这次治疗失败,患者很难再有合适的方案可以治疗了,我在心里默默地叮嘱自己,在给患者制定方案时一定要做到深思熟虑。

经过与患者的肾移植医生充分协商后,我为患者制定了质子泵抑制剂联合阿莫西林的二联疗法治疗,结合患者的基础疾病和药物代谢型基因检测结果,设计了个体化的给药剂量,由于患者平时容易发生腹泻,在抗生素治疗前后应用了益生菌调节肠道菌群,在治疗过程中密切监测患者的肝肾功能情况,患者顺利地完成了全部疗程,在治疗期间患者没有出现任何不良反应。

这周,患者在停用抗生素2月余后复查了呼气检查,检查结果提示阴性,看到这个结果,我心里悬着的一块石头终于落地了,患者的幽门螺杆菌成功被根除,是我这一周来最开心的一件事情。

有了基因检测的帮助,使我能够对患者的治疗更加精准和有效,同时还可以避免不必要的抗生素的使用,最大程度减少患者在治疗中不良反应的发生风险,这也是基因组时代为人类健康带来的巨大贡献。

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    2018-10-29 kcb069
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