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一睹为快!2016年奇葩病例大盘点(上)

2017-01-01 解螺旋.子非鱼 解螺旋·医生科研助手

导语:怪事年年有,今年特别多。医学领域里稀奇古怪的病例总是少不了的,小点儿的则可以变成科室里的病例讨论范本,大的甚至会成为Lancet的讨论范本。如今Live Science则盘点了2016年中16例奇葩病例,让大家一睹为快。1  一勺辣椒酱引发的血案鬼椒(Ghost Pepper)又名断魂椒,其辣度已超过100万斯科维尔(辣度的衡量单位),是世界吉尼斯世界纪录的“最辣辣椒”的保持者

导语:怪事年年有,今年特别多。医学领域里稀奇古怪的病例总是少不了的,小点儿的则可以变成科室里的病例讨论范本,大的甚至会成为Lancet的讨论范本。如今Live Science则盘点了2016年中16例奇葩病例,让大家一睹为快。

1  一勺辣椒酱引发的血案


鬼椒(Ghost Pepper)又名断魂椒,其辣度已超过100万斯科维尔(辣度的衡量单位),是世界吉尼斯世界纪录的“最辣辣椒”的保持者。鬼椒到底有多辣?今年9月The Journal of Emergency Medicine发表的一份病例报告告诉我们要珍惜生命,远离鬼椒。

 

美国加州一名47岁的中年男子在吃了一份含有由鬼椒做的辣椒酱的汉堡后,在严重呕吐后就引发了罕见的特发性食管破裂综合症。在手术的过程,医生发现他的食道出现了一个2.5厘米的裂口,而裂口导致食物泄露至食道外并进入了左边的肺部而造成肺部严重损伤。

 

一般而言,患有特发性食管破裂综合症的患者即便得到了即使的治疗,其致死率依然高达20%到40%。假设患者没有得到及时的治疗,致死率将达到100%。然而幸运的是,这名男子在医院里躺了23天后就回家了,但回家之后他仍然需要依靠食道插管来进食,且要等到食道愈合才能拔出来,想来他再也不会想要尝试鬼椒了。 

2  食毛癖致胃内惊现巨型“毛石”


格林童话中,长发姑娘拉庞泽尔(Rapunzel)用她一头秀丽的长发帮助王子爬上她的高塔。可是患上拉庞泽尔综合征(Rapunzel syndrome)的人虽然不一定有这么一头秀发......,可他们却吃头发。

 

这种综合征的医学术语是食毛癖(trichobezoar),一种罕见的行为障碍,患者会强迫性的咀嚼或吃掉自己的毛发,而这些被吃下的毛发有时会在胃里滞留多年。今年10月份在BMJ发表的一份病例报告中,医生在一位女性患者体内取出了两团“毛石”:胃肠道里的毛石盘绕了15厘米,且其尾端已经延伸进入肠道;而小肠中也存有长达3至4厘米的毛团。

 

3 身体上突然冒出大量黑痣


一名48岁女人的躯干和四肢在短短几个月时间里便冒出了成千上万个黑痣,而医生也不知道其原因所在。该患者的主治医生认为这种大面积爆发的黑痣虽然非常罕见,但也不是闻所未闻,且绝大多数是由于药物或免疫系统出现问题而导致的机体内激素水平的变化而造成的,但是这些因素均不是造成该女性患者身上黑痣大范围出现的原因。

 

考虑到有些痣确有癌变的风险,这位主治医生认为这名女患者可能终生都需要进行皮肤测试来检测是否患有黑色素瘤。而这位患者的病例情况也于5月份被发表在JAMA Dermatology杂志上。

  黄蜂蜇人引中风


要警惕黄蜂:一名44岁的男子在外工作时不幸被黄蜂给蜇了,一小时后他便出现了一些中风症状,如说话困难、身体一侧瘫痪且面部“下垂”。这个发表在The Journal of Emergency Medicine杂志上的病例报告,指出了黄蜂引起人中风的可能原因,比如黄蜂毒液中的某些化合物会导致血液凝结,进而会引起中风;或者如果一个人对刺有过敏反应,则导致他/她的血压下降使得大脑的血量减少,进而也会引起中风。

  喷雾除尘剂,喷出“氟骨症”


依据7月份在The Journal of Bone and Mineral Rearch杂志上发表的一篇报道,一名28岁的男子因经常使用含氟化物的除尘喷雾剂清洁电脑而患了一种罕见的骨骼疾病——氟骨症(Skeletal fluorosis),该疾病可增加人的骨骼密度并导致骨骼变形。随后该男子通过髋关节置换手术来减轻髋关节的部分损伤。

 

自然界中广泛存在着氟化物,而与氟骨症关系较大的是溶解在饮用水中的氟化物。一般高氟地区水中氟浓度高,容易引起氟骨症的流行。然而这种疾病在北美洲和欧洲是非常罕见的,因而治疗该患者的医生为了找到其患病原因也是颇费周折。他发现患者使用的除尘喷雾剂中有一种叫二氟乙烷的物质,在体内可被分解为氟化物,进而引起氟骨症。

  “蛇吻”之后,嗅觉丧失


依据The Journal of Clinical Neuroscience杂志2月份的一篇报道,澳大利亚的一名30岁男子在被棕伊澳蛇(mulga snake)咬伤后便失去嗅觉。起初医生以为他的症状并没有严重到需要给予药物,可是几天后这名男子便发现自己的嗅觉开始恶化并于几周内完全丧失嗅觉。医生认为尽管棕伊澳蛇的咬伤很少能引起神经系统障碍,但是其他类型蛇咬伤已经被证明会影响一个人的嗅觉。

7   爱尔兰男子生吞手机,胃镜不忍直视


据外媒报道,爱尔兰都柏林的一名29岁男性囚犯将整只手机(规格为6.8×2.3×1.1cm)吞入腹中,导致他呕吐长达4小时。阿德莱德与米斯医院的医生通过内窥镜看到手机卡在他的食道里。医生原想用工具将手机夹出,但是那会损伤男子的食道,所以医生只能等手机进入男子的胃部后,再动手术取出。经过长达8小时的等待后,医生实施了剖胃手术,终于成功将手机取出。目前该男子的身体状况恢复良好,该病例也于4月份发表在The International Journal of Surgery Case Reports杂志上。

  警惕!贪玩智能手机会导致暂时性失明!


目前智能手机在工作和生活中的频繁使用已经危及到了用户的健康。6月,The New England Journal of Medicine杂志的一篇文章报道了,英国两名女性因智能手机而反复出现暂时性失明现象,最长一次达15分钟。她们的各种医疗检查结果均显示正常,医生一时也无法解释她们的症状。

 

而后医生经研究发现,失明症状是由不同的光线刺激眼睛感光细胞导致的,当患者躺在床上使用智能手机时,一只眼睛被枕头遮挡,而只有一只眼睛看手机;而后被枕头遮挡的眼睛已经适应了黑暗环境,观看手机的眼睛却适应了手机光线。随后双眼在黑暗中时,适应强光的那只眼睛就会出现失明。这种差异将会持续数分钟,反映了眼睛经历感光刺激以后逐步恢复的时间过程。幸运的是,这只是暂时的,带给人的仅仅是不安而不是危险。


原始出处:

The 16 Strangest Medical Cases of 2016

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    2017-01-07 1df01bccm39(暂无匿称)

    为小编的敬业赞一个

    0

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    2017-01-04 1e1cbffcm87(暂无匿称)

    有意思

    0

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    2017-01-03 3631175
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    2017-01-02 187清风

    能吞下手机,厉害了

    0

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    2017-01-01 1e1263e3m20(暂无匿称)

    都真够奇葩的,涨见识了

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=168512, encodeId=353f168512e5, content=为小编的敬业赞一个, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM5rqTiaMSVSkFAupcTECOTdcVRmJQXbibJoicv5ibhcpa0vj5MGmac8wlPjuGnJISZGtOnC7rW0gbLuSE7iaEvAn0CC52ZhnRLdxtlQ/0, createdBy=1e291737907, createdName=1df01bccm39(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Jan 07 09:40:27 CST 2017, time=2017-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=167985, encodeId=de4316e98589, content=有意思, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fa242001796, createdName=1e1cbffcm87(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jan 04 22:10:22 CST 2017, time=2017-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1456787, encodeId=5f541456e8781, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c4664446474' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#奇葩#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44464, encryptionId=c4664446474, topicName=奇葩)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=75e05802674, createdName=3631175, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 01:50:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=167465, encodeId=489e16e46534, content=能吞下手机,厉害了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Mon Jan 02 11:55:28 CST 2017, time=2017-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=167308, encodeId=43e616e30844, content=都真够奇葩的,涨见识了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=84e21956153, createdName=1e1263e3m20(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Jan 01 21:22:30 CST 2017, time=2017-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=167267, encodeId=a80316e26788, content=奇葩病例非常多,都值得我们平时注意。多学一个病例,多一分见识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sun Jan 01 15:54:46 CST 2017, time=2017-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-01-01 lovetcm

    奇葩病例非常多,都值得我们平时注意。多学一个病例,多一分见识

    0

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