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Br J Dermatol:IL-1家族细胞因子治疗慢性炎症性皮肤病的潜力

2022-01-17 医路坦克 MedSci原创

白细胞介素-1(IL-1)家族是多种免疫反应的中枢调节因子。进一步的临床和临床前数据以及进一步的临床试验将有望扩大未来的适应症,并在日常临床实践中更广泛地使用IL-1家族细胞因子拮抗剂。

     白细胞介素-1(IL-1)家族是多种免疫反应的中枢调节因子。它由几种细胞因子组成,包括那些属于IL-1、IL-36和IL-18亚家族的细胞因子,以及IL-33。IL-1家族主要在协调先天免疫反应中发挥作用,但也在获得性免疫中发挥作用。本综述的目的是深入描述IL-1、通路在皮肤病中的病理性失调的后果,并提供针对IL-1家族细胞因子信号转导的治疗策略的前瞻性最新进展。

1.单基因自发性炎症性皮肤病中的IL-1

    自身炎症性疾病(AID)以无菌炎症为主要特征,先天免疫起主要病理生理作用。典型的自身免疫性疾病的污点通常是缺失的。在AID中,所谓的炎症性疾病是由炎症体成分的功能获得性突变直接引起的。这些突变导致IL-1β信号的失调,就像两个典型的艾滋病,家族性地中海热(FMF)和低温比林相关的周期性综合征(CAPS)23-25中的情况一样。

2.中性粒细胞皮肤病中的IL-1

    中性粒细胞皮肤病(ND)是一种慢性炎症性皮肤病,以中性粒细胞驱动的无菌皮肤炎症为特征。两种最典型的ND包括Sweet综合征和坏疽脓皮病(PG)。斯威特综合征通常发生在47-57岁的人群中,女性略占优势,其特征是皮肤上突然出现疼痛、水肿性和红斑性丘疹、斑块或结节,与发烧和白细胞增多有关。坏疽脓皮病的典型表现是快速发展的疼痛皮肤溃疡,其特征是边界破坏和紫罗兰色外周红斑。PG的发病率约为每百万人年6例,平均发病年龄在40至60岁之间。事实上,IL-1β已被证明能促进Th-17细胞的产生,而Th-17细胞可以放大中性粒细胞的募集。这种细胞因子既作用于中性粒细胞,发挥抗凋亡作用,从而促进其存活,并且由中性粒细胞产生,主要以依赖炎症体的方式产生。由于许多临床和病原学上的相似之处,以及对IL-1靶向治疗的频繁反应,ND现在被认为是自然界中主要的自体炎症。事实上,IL-1β的基因表达和蛋白水平在两个典型的NDS中被发现升高,斯威特综合征4和坏疽脓皮病。同样,白塞病(BD)患者的血清IL-1β水平升高,而患有非微生物皱襞脓疱病(APF)的患者皮肤中IL-1α水平也被发现上调。

3.化脓性汗腺炎中的IL-1

    化脓性汗腺炎是一种慢性炎症性皮肤病,约占总人口的1%,本病临床表现为反复发作的中性粒细胞炎症,主要累及毛皮脂腺-顶分泌单位的皮肤(主要是腋窝、腹股沟皱褶和肛周)。HS的发病机制尚未完全阐明,尽管已知遗传、激素、免疫和微生物因素以及吸烟和肥胖与疾病的发生和/或严重程度有关。导致HS病变发展的主要事件包括:漏斗内异常角化并导致过度角化/闭塞,以及先天免疫途径异常激活和大量富含中性粒细胞的炎性浸润。

     最近研究了IL-1β在慢性化脓性皮肤病化脓性汗腺炎(HS)中的致病作用。Van der Zee等人发现,与健康对照和银屑病皮肤相比,离体培养的HS损伤皮肤上清液中IL-1β,TNFα和IL-10显着增加。Kelly等人描述了损伤HS皮肤中IL-1β,IL17,TNFα的增强蛋白水平和增强的NLRP3和IL-18基因表达,支持炎性体和IL-1β的致病性参与。有趣的是,这种强烈的IL-1β特征与基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs),趋化因子(包括CXCL1,CXCL6,CXCL10,CCL7)和几种细胞因子(IL-1β,IL-6,IL-32,IL-36)的下游上调可以通过用IL-1Ra39抑制IL-1β信号传导来离体特异性逆转。鉴于上述实验数据,可以预期IL-1途径阻断可能对HS患者具有治疗益处。

4.IL-1在银屑病中的作用

     银屑病是一种免疫介导的炎症性疾病,具有慢性病程和多因素的发病机制,表现为皮肤上红色、鳞屑、瘙痒和/或疼痛的斑块和斑块。银屑病的发病机制是基于先天免疫和获得性免疫之间的复杂相互作用,并依赖于主要的Th1/Th17信号。在这种疾病中,IL-1途径具有明确的致病作用。IL-1α在咪喹莫特(Imiquimod)诱导的银屑病样小鼠模型中性粒细胞脓肿的发生中是必不可少的。IL-1β由巨噬细胞、树突状细胞和角质形成细胞产生,在Th17细胞分化和活化过程中起关键作用。

     由于最近的研究进展,慢性炎症性皮肤病的复杂病理生理、它们的相似之处、不同之处以及它们的驱动途径正在被越来越多地解开,从而确定了合适的治疗干预靶点。有证据表明,IL-1家族细胞因子不仅在罕见的单基因AID中发挥核心作用,而且在一些最常见的炎症性皮肤病中也发挥重要作用的证据正在迅速增加。进一步的临床和临床前数据以及进一步的临床试验将有望扩大未来的适应症,并在日常临床实践中更广泛地使用IL-1家族细胞因子拮抗剂。考虑到单细胞因子阻断在炎症性疾病中有时疗效有限,开发多水平拮抗IL-1家族通路的新药,如通过IL-1R3拮抗,可能具有巨大的潜力。

文献来源:Calabrese L,  Fiocco Z,  Satoh TK, Therapeutic potential of targeting IL-1 family cytokines in chronic inflammatory skin diseases.Br J Dermatol 2022 Jan 06;

 

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    2022-01-19 jjjiang0202
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    2022-01-18 ms4000001513304915

    学习#学习#

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