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Eur Heart J:解读遗传在高血压中扮演的角色(二)基因组时代的到来

2017-06-05 fengxiangxin MedSci原创

然而越来越多的极罕见疾病与孟德尔突变之间明确的因果关系也已被认识到。然而,在种群水平上研究血压时,光滑的高斯分布曲线表明这些突变好像并没有发挥很大的作用,因为如果有的话,由于多基因遗传效应,每一个很小的突变都有可能导致高血压或增加高血压的易感性。

随着时间的推移,更好的认识这些遗传因素成了研究者面临的关键挑战。以双胞胎和家庭为基础的研究表明,多达30-50%的血压读数变化可能是遗传的,然而越来越多的极罕见疾病与孟德尔突变之间明确的因果关系也已被认识到。然而,在种群水平上研究血压时,光滑的高斯分布曲线表明这些突变好像并没有发挥很大的作用,因为如果有的话,由于多基因遗传效应,每一个很小的突变都有可能导致高血压或增加高血压的易感性。

随着基因组时代的到来,现在普遍认为高血压最常见的形式是多基因遗传基础和环境影响下的复杂状态,而这些影响同时也可以通过表观遗传变异实现跨代传递。

人类基因组计划以及人类基因组单体型图的完成使得大量试图发现这些常见遗传变异的全基因组关联研究(GWAS)得以开展。从早期韦尔康信托病例控制协会没有带来预期成果的高血压全基因组关联研究(GWAS)到近期Ehret、Warren和Hoffman研究团队的报告指出:280个遗传变异与高血压风险相关,以及诸如冠心病和高血压之间存在因果关系的其他一些研究结果。

虽然每一个单核苷酸多态性(SNP)对收缩期和舒张期血压值的影响通常是非常小的,但当结合在一起时它们的累计效应就更加明显。例如在Warren等人最近的一篇报道中指出:在一项风险评分中,多个单核苷酸多态性相结合时在个体间心脏收缩期引起的血压差异达到10mmHg。

尽管如此,这些多基因变异联合效应的遗传力始终低于预期,那么这些遗传力是消失了吗?

这并不是高血压的专属特点,同样的情况也见于冠心病等复杂疾病中。尽管我们期望更多未知基因位点的发现有助于解释这种遗传缺失困惑。据推测,导致这种不一致性的至少部分原因是一开始就高估了多基因变异联合效应的遗传力和表型多效性。在这些研究中,表型和基因型一样,都是十分关键的研究点。

原始出处:

Patel, R.S., S. Masi, and S. Taddei, Understanding the role of genetics in hypertension. Eur Heart J, 2017 May 25. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx273.

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    2017-06-07 zhaojie88
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    2017-06-07 slcumt
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1356313, encodeId=41b213563130b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0702e84b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2784, encryptionId=b0702e84b9, topicName=ART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Wed Jun 07 04:02:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1562551, encodeId=e90515625519a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f69d864413' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HEART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8644, encryptionId=f69d864413, topicName=HEART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=80d715270048, createdName=slcumt, createdTime=Wed Jun 07 04:02:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=207215, encodeId=025620e215ed, content=生活习惯改良以及经常体检是每一个高血压高风险者都做得到的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRr63iayTjay9otQ2yDAmbravgszHBxSLHIJpTZ8uNAiaa87bfqeDpEPTUicdBhBlf5yABuAj1OwClO4/0, createdBy=c3622063904, createdName=fengxiangxin301, createdTime=Tue Jun 06 09:00:48 CST 2017, time=2017-06-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=206958, encodeId=8a5a206958e4, content=感动你好东西学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Mon Jun 05 21:55:29 CST 2017, time=2017-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-06 fengxiangxin301

    生活习惯改良以及经常体检是每一个高血压高风险者都做得到的

    0

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    2017-06-05 thlabcde

    感动你好东西学习了!

    0

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