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Nat Mater:揭秘癌细胞扩散转移核心机制,相关药物研发也步入正轨

2019-10-30 Paris 转化医学网

癌细胞的扩散和转移是癌症患者高复发率和高死亡率的主要原因,也是科学家们攻克癌症的关键。

癌细胞的扩散和转移是癌症患者高复发率和高死亡率的主要原因,也是科学家们攻克癌症的关键。近日,《Nature Materials》和 《PLOS Computational Biology》两大国际刊同时发表文章揭秘癌细胞利用周围阻止扩散的关键机制,不仅如此,对抑制该过程的药物的探索也有了突破,相关文章以“Extracellular matrix anisotropy is determined by TFAP2C-dependent regulation of cell collisions”为题在线发表。

众所周知,体内的所有组织都含有维持其结构的蛋白质支架,这种脚手架会随着年龄的增长而退化,导致细胞衰老等迹象。而狡猾的癌细胞却恰好利用这一点,破坏支架的形状,形成一种组织结构通路,进一步通过该通路转移到周围的组织。

然而,尽管我们了解到这些通路与癌症的进展有关,但对控制这些组织结构形成的机制却知之甚少。基于现有研究,他们了解到,细胞外基质(ECM)是一种能够维持组织结构的纤维蛋白和蛋白聚糖支架,在癌细胞扩散通路的构成中起关键作用,而ECM 沉积和维持的主要介质是成纤维细胞。成纤维细胞是结缔组织中最多的细胞类型,能够分泌ECM成分从而形成组织结构框架,早在1971年,科学家就描述了静止的成纤维细胞在组织重构中被活化后变成MF,在肿瘤组织中被称为CAF。

在本次研究中,研究人员将长期成像,计算建模,转录组学分析,短干扰 RNA(siRNA)和基于信息学的药理学筛选,以鉴定成纤维细胞和 ECM 比对的分子调节剂。通过这些方法,他们确定了成纤维细胞的集体行为--细胞碰撞指导。进一步探索发现,转录因子 TFAP2C 部分地通过控制 RND3 的表达来调节细胞碰撞的指导。

ECM各向异性指示癌细胞迁移并实现力的全局协调

如同众多生物活动过程,都需要依靠蛋白质间的相互作用,而蛋白质之间的“分子开关”保证了各类特定活动的运转。癌细胞也不例外。RND3 定位于细胞间碰撞区域,在该区域下调放线菌素活性。如果没有适当的机制,单元碰撞引导将失败,从而导致各向同性的矩阵生成,即细胞扩散。综上来看,TFap2C蛋白在该过程中占据核心位置,不出意外,通过识别控制这些碰撞的蛋白质(TFap2C),研究人员便可以寻找出能抑制这种蛋白质的药物,进而阻断这些通路的形成和癌细胞的扩散。果然,利用现有的数据集和实验,该研究成功地确定了五种影响组织中通路形成的药物。

该研究为攻克癌症带来了广阔的前景,当然,目前只是一个充满希望的初步成果,理论还需实践的检验,下一步还需要进行动物实验来证实并检验该方法的安全性。

原始出处:Danielle Park, Esther Wershof, Stefan Boeing, et al. Extracellular matrix anisotropy is determined by TFAP2C-dependent regulation of cell collisions. Nat Mater (2019) 

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    2019-10-31 yxch36
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    2019-10-31 lqvr
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