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如果抢救需要把肋骨按断,还要不要做心肺复苏?

2016-10-19 河南省安阳地区医院 陈瑞锋 医学界

导语:心肺复苏指南中也强调对无反应且无呼吸或无正常呼吸的病人,应该立即启动急救反应系统并开始胸外心脏按压。不久前的一个下午,陈大夫接到个电话,这次咨询陈大夫的不是病人,而是一个律师;需要咨询的问题也不是看病,而是心肺复苏后肋骨骨折是不是医疗事故?我努力告诉我的律师朋友,心肺复苏按断胸骨或肋骨虽不是每一例患者都会出现,但确实也是一个频发的问题。当我搜索心肺复苏和肋骨骨折的时候,上网咨询此事的病人或者

导语:心肺复苏指南中也强调对无反应且无呼吸或无正常呼吸的病人,应该立即启动急救反应系统并开始胸外心脏按压。


不久前的一个下午,陈大夫接到个电话,这次咨询陈大夫的不是病人,而是一个律师;需要咨询的问题也不是看病,而是心肺复苏后肋骨骨折是不是医疗事故?

我努力告诉我的律师朋友,心肺复苏按断胸骨或肋骨虽不是每一例患者都会出现,但确实也是一个频发的问题。当我搜索心肺复苏和肋骨骨折的时候,上网咨询此事的病人或者家属也不在少数。


心肺复苏(CPR)术是针对心脏呼吸骤停等病人采取的最为重要的抢救措施,其胸外按压可形成暂时的人工循环,使得各个组织器官得到血液灌注,人工呼吸代替自主呼吸保证肺氧气交换的抢救过程,其实施对象,也就是我们说的心肺复苏的适应证主要是心脏骤停的人群,所以心肺复苏指南中也强调对无反应且无呼吸或无正常呼吸的病人,应该立即启动急救反应系统并开始胸外心脏按压。


第一,心肺复苏为什么会压断胸骨或肋骨?


心肺复苏的部位是胸骨中下部位,其原理主要有胸泵学说和心泵学说,但不管是哪一种学说,其操作方式一致,都是在胸骨上向下施压从而驱使血液流出从而形成人工循环。


所以,既然是人为按压胸骨,而且心肺复苏过程中需要用力使得胸骨下陷,而按压深度越大,则可能得到的心输出量越多,所以在2015 年的最新CPR指南中将心脏按压的深度提高到5~6 cm。而这也意味着,增大按压深度则可能出现更多的按压骨折或损伤。


按压力度和频率也是胸肋骨骨折的重要原因,美国心脏协会推荐CPR急救过程应做到“按压要既重又要快”。 而作为这种推荐的结果,复苏的成功率会增加,但同时骨折的机率也会大大增加。


所以,心肺复苏中胸骨肋骨骨折或者按压损伤就变得较为常见。


第二,影响心肺复苏胸肋骨骨折或损伤的原因有哪些?


1、按压深度:同等条件下,按压深度越深,其出现骨折或者损伤概率越大;


2、按压力度:单位面积内受力越大,其骨折或者损伤概率越大;


3、按压方式:同按压的动作、部位等有关,其和骨折或者损伤有很大关系;


4、按压频率:反复多次的按压和简单的数次按压相比,单位时间内频率越高,同等条件下骨折或者损伤概率越大;


5、按压时间:按压持续时间越长,同等条件下骨折或者损伤概率越大;


6、患者自身条件:老年人,骨质疏松患者等病人自身条件也决定是否会出现骨折或者按压损伤。


第三,心肺复苏中压断胸肋骨的概率有多大?


有文献显示,近三分之一的心肺复苏成功的患者中存在肋骨骨折,有4%的患者中有胸骨骨折。而在《Resuscitation》2015年2月的一篇名为《心肺复苏所致胸肋骨骨折发生率比人们想象的要高》的文章中,则声称男性和女性患者胸外心脏按压后肋骨骨折的发生率分别为77%和85%,虽数字之大令人瞠目结舌,但由此可见心肺复苏中发生胸肋骨骨折的概率之高可见一斑。


不过按照《医疗事故处理条例》第33条规定,“有下列情形之一的,不属于医疗事故”,就包括“在紧急情况下为抢救垂危患者生命而采取紧急医学措施造成不良后果”。


第四,是不是胸肋骨压断后就不能继续心肺复苏了?


心肺复苏是抢救成功的唯一方法,心脏骤停后没有心肺复苏的成功一切都是空谈,所以我相信心肺复苏中即使肋骨骨折也没有医生会因此而中断心肺复苏,因为中断心肺复苏意味着中断抢救,而中断抢救则意味着死亡。虽然按压中胸肋骨骨折对患者安全和心肺复苏效果会有影响,但正确评估,成功的CPR,才能救人于危难,CPR成功后评估骨折或按压损害,减少对病人所造成的伤害。才是明智之举。


所以,当我的律师朋友咨询我,有没有一个标准,按压断了多少根肋骨算是正常,我斩钉截铁的告诉他,如果操作规范,CPR证据充分,按断多少根都是正常的。说这个有点太过绝对,但是没有一个医务人员愿意看到按压骨折发生在自己的病人身上,如果真的出台了一个标准,我真的只能说,心肺复苏之前,要不要咨询一下病人或者家属?


才刚刚记得几句话或许用在这里最为合适:


要用科学理论来帮扶医学,但不能用之来束缚医学;

要用科学方法来研究医学,但不能用之来误解医学;

要用科学共识来形成指导,但不能用之来以偏概全;


不知道我的这些回答能否让我的律师朋友满意,但正确而规范的科普,让大家明白医学的局限性,或者远大于科普本身。


让我们互相理解,让医生全身心的投入到救治而不是防御,才是医学发展的幸事!


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    2017-05-04 aids222
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    2016-11-19 白衣恶魔

    签字拒绝按压,肋骨就不会断了,当然人也会死

    0

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    2016-11-06 大爰

    分析的透彻有道理!

    0

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    2016-10-21 lizhou0204
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1684431, encodeId=792f168443175, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dfae5133e1d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心肺#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51337, encryptionId=dfae5133e1d, topicName=心肺)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c8e128082444, createdName=aids222, createdTime=Thu May 04 19:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=156923, encodeId=ccba156923ca, content=签字拒绝按压,肋骨就不会断了,当然人也会死, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5661981269, createdName=白衣恶魔, createdTime=Sat Nov 19 22:41:16 CST 2016, time=2016-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=153844, encodeId=f484153844be, content=分析的透彻有道理!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Sun Nov 06 19:37:45 CST 2016, time=2016-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1305386, encodeId=5a6c13053866e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=270342e249d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#复苏#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42724, encryptionId=270342e249d, topicName=复苏)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1d01326, createdName=lizhou0204, createdTime=Fri Oct 21 01:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1471255, encodeId=252b14e1255f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac13558e9cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抢救#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55879, encryptionId=ac13558e9cb, topicName=抢救)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=be1a7117101, createdName=lfyang, createdTime=Fri Oct 21 01:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149972, encodeId=837c1499e2d7, content=分析的好,提问好,急诊医生应先抢救生命为前题。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/2581CD4E092B34ADB8984BF0619E8A6C/100, createdBy=af601740249, createdName=威仪, createdTime=Thu Oct 20 17:53:51 CST 2016, time=2016-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149898, encodeId=91481498984c, content=微机尾吃屎吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160816/IMG57B2A27887E794424.jpg, createdBy=547199174, createdName=yushenfengzhan, createdTime=Thu Oct 20 10:08:43 CST 2016, time=2016-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149744, encodeId=4c3e149e44a5, content=临床实践中的实际问题,这个点选得好!分析得也有道理!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=87df1446011, createdName=waxibin, createdTime=Wed Oct 19 14:38:36 CST 2016, time=2016-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-21 lfyang
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1684431, encodeId=792f168443175, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dfae5133e1d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心肺#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51337, encryptionId=dfae5133e1d, topicName=心肺)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c8e128082444, createdName=aids222, createdTime=Thu May 04 19:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=156923, encodeId=ccba156923ca, content=签字拒绝按压,肋骨就不会断了,当然人也会死, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5661981269, createdName=白衣恶魔, createdTime=Sat Nov 19 22:41:16 CST 2016, time=2016-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=153844, encodeId=f484153844be, content=分析的透彻有道理!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Sun Nov 06 19:37:45 CST 2016, time=2016-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1305386, encodeId=5a6c13053866e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=270342e249d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#复苏#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42724, encryptionId=270342e249d, topicName=复苏)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1d01326, createdName=lizhou0204, createdTime=Fri Oct 21 01:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1471255, encodeId=252b14e1255f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac13558e9cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抢救#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55879, encryptionId=ac13558e9cb, topicName=抢救)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=be1a7117101, createdName=lfyang, createdTime=Fri Oct 21 01:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149972, encodeId=837c1499e2d7, content=分析的好,提问好,急诊医生应先抢救生命为前题。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/2581CD4E092B34ADB8984BF0619E8A6C/100, createdBy=af601740249, createdName=威仪, createdTime=Thu Oct 20 17:53:51 CST 2016, time=2016-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149898, encodeId=91481498984c, content=微机尾吃屎吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160816/IMG57B2A27887E794424.jpg, createdBy=547199174, createdName=yushenfengzhan, createdTime=Thu Oct 20 10:08:43 CST 2016, time=2016-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149744, encodeId=4c3e149e44a5, content=临床实践中的实际问题,这个点选得好!分析得也有道理!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=87df1446011, createdName=waxibin, createdTime=Wed Oct 19 14:38:36 CST 2016, time=2016-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-20 威仪

    分析的好,提问好,急诊医生应先抢救生命为前题。

    0

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    2016-10-20 yushenfengzhan

    微机尾吃屎吧

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1684431, encodeId=792f168443175, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dfae5133e1d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心肺#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51337, encryptionId=dfae5133e1d, topicName=心肺)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c8e128082444, createdName=aids222, createdTime=Thu May 04 19:55:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=156923, encodeId=ccba156923ca, content=签字拒绝按压,肋骨就不会断了,当然人也会死, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5661981269, createdName=白衣恶魔, createdTime=Sat Nov 19 22:41:16 CST 2016, time=2016-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=153844, encodeId=f484153844be, content=分析的透彻有道理!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Sun Nov 06 19:37:45 CST 2016, time=2016-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1305386, encodeId=5a6c13053866e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=270342e249d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#复苏#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42724, encryptionId=270342e249d, topicName=复苏)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1d01326, createdName=lizhou0204, createdTime=Fri Oct 21 01:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1471255, encodeId=252b14e1255f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac13558e9cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抢救#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55879, encryptionId=ac13558e9cb, topicName=抢救)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=be1a7117101, createdName=lfyang, createdTime=Fri Oct 21 01:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149972, encodeId=837c1499e2d7, content=分析的好,提问好,急诊医生应先抢救生命为前题。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/2581CD4E092B34ADB8984BF0619E8A6C/100, createdBy=af601740249, createdName=威仪, createdTime=Thu Oct 20 17:53:51 CST 2016, time=2016-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149898, encodeId=91481498984c, content=微机尾吃屎吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160816/IMG57B2A27887E794424.jpg, createdBy=547199174, createdName=yushenfengzhan, createdTime=Thu Oct 20 10:08:43 CST 2016, time=2016-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=149744, encodeId=4c3e149e44a5, content=临床实践中的实际问题,这个点选得好!分析得也有道理!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=87df1446011, createdName=waxibin, createdTime=Wed Oct 19 14:38:36 CST 2016, time=2016-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-19 waxibin

    临床实践中的实际问题,这个点选得好!分析得也有道理!

    0

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我们到底什么时候会用到心肺复苏术呢?心搏骤停是指各种原因引起的、在未能预计的情况和时间内心脏突然停止搏动,从而导致有效心泵功能和有效循环突然中止,引起全身组织细胞严重缺血、缺氧和代谢障碍,如不及时抢救即可立刻失去生命。心搏骤停不同于任何慢性病终末期的心脏停搏,若及时采取正确有效的复苏措施,病人有可能被挽回生命并得到康复。心搏骤停一旦发生,如得不到即刻及时地抢救复苏,4~6分钟后会造成患者脑和其

五大要点:生死关头 如何进行高质量 CPR ?

CPR(cardiac-pulmonary-resuscitation)是心肺复苏中的重要内容之一。在近年来的心肺复苏相关研究进展中,对 CPR 的作用的认识逐步深入。目前 CPR 在心肺复苏中的地位和作用被提到了前所未有的高度,正如美国心脏协会 2013 年 CPR 共识指出的:CPR 是挽救生命的干预措施,是心搏骤停患者复苏的「基石」[1]。心肺复苏的目的是为心搏骤停患者重建有氧血液循环,

心肺复苏,满满黑历史

追溯心肺复苏的历史,你要回到公元1700年左右,那个时候世界上都发生了什么呢?答:1700's - 1800' 的欧洲都发生了太多变化,也出现了很多牛人比如牛顿力学,还有画法几何理论。他们造出了太多的东西,蒸汽机的发展、汽车的出现等等,还有我们最熟悉的水银温度计就是这个时代出现的!地球另一端的我们还在乾隆康熙爷时代把脉呢!1740 年,法国巴黎科技协会发布官方意见,推荐可以对溺水的病人口对口吹

Crit Care Med:心肺复苏过程中的脑氧合指标很重要

心脏骤停的发病率和死亡率均与脑缺血有关。我们假设,复苏过程中更高的区域脑氧合与患者出院时自主循环恢复、生存和神经系统的改善有关;对此我们进行了院内心脏停搏的多中心前瞻性研究,对假设进行验证,并进一步评估了区域脑氧合作为这些结局的预测指标的有效性。 患者纳入标准如下:院内心脏骤停、年龄18岁以上、心肺复苏时间≥5分钟。共504名院内心脏骤停患者,183(36%)名符合纳入标准。总的来说,出院时

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