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NATURE:大脑发育的神经网络建模,有助于理解脑部疾病的神经发育根源

2017-04-28 佚名 Nature自然科研

本周《自然》发表的两篇研究报告了发育中的人脑的两个三维模型。该系统让研究人员有机会在培养的细胞中研究和修饰大脑发育的关键方面,有助于他们理解正常的大脑发育和某些疾病(如自闭症谱系障碍和精神分裂症)的神经发育根源。

本周《自然》发表的两篇研究Assembly of functionally integrated human forebrain spheroids和Cell diversity and network dynamics in photosensitive human brain organoids报告了发育中的人脑的两个三维模型。该系统让研究人员有机会在培养的细胞中研究和修饰大脑发育的关键方面,有助于他们理解正常的大脑发育和某些疾病(如自闭症谱系障碍和精神分裂症)的神经发育根源。
第一篇论文中,Pasca实验室将培养状态下的前脑细胞球状体组合起来的结果。Birey et al.

随着人类胎脑的发育,γ-氨基丁酸能神经元从腹侧迁移到背侧前脑,在此建立连接并融入皮质回路。在第一篇论文Assembly of functionally integrated human forebrain spheroids中,来自斯坦福大学医学院的Sergiu Pa?ca 及同事通过创建类似腹侧或背侧前脑细胞的3D球状体来为该过程建模,之后他们在培养皿中将这些3D球状体组装起来,促使细胞迁移和功能性人脑皮质回路的发育。

当使用Timothy综合征(与自闭症和癫痫相关的疾病)患者的细胞创建培养系统时,细胞迁移的模式发生了改变,这为胎脑发育后期的疾病过程提供了一个有用的模型。

第二篇论文中,Arlotta及同事培养的类器官最终发展出了许多不同类型的细胞,包括视网膜细胞(左下侧橙色c5区域)。Quadrato et al.

在第二篇论文Cell diversity and network dynamics in photosensitive human brain organoids中,来自哈佛大学的Paola Arlotta及同事描述了可以在培养基中维持9个多月的大脑类器官,为分析相对晚期的神经元成熟事件提供了一个窗口。

这些“类似大脑”的细胞团包含各种各样的细胞类型,其中一些自发形成活动神经元网络。有趣的是,由于所述细胞器包含各种视网膜细胞,因此可以利用光来操控神经元网络的活动。光遗传学指利用光来控制经改造而表达光敏蛋白的细胞的活动,它已成为神经科学研究领域广泛使用的一种工具。比较而言,该系统有望提供一种无需依赖遗传修饰而控制神经元活动的方法。

原始出处:

Fikri Birey, Jimena Andersen, Christopher D. Makinson, et al. Assembly of functionally integrated human forebrain spheroids. Nature (2017) doi:10.1038/nature22330.
Giorgia Quadrato,Tuan Nguyen,Evan Z. Macosko, et al. Cell diversity and network dynamics in photosensitive human brain organoids. Nature (2017) doi:10.1038/nature22047.

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    2018-03-12 liye789132251
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    2017-04-29 neurowu
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脑溢血(intracerebral hemorrhage ,ICH)是一种严重的中风疾病,脑部血管爆发性的出血,引发威胁生命的病理性脑水肿和神经炎症。最近,天津医科大学总医院、神经病学研究所神经免疫实验室PI刘强博士与耶鲁大学的Fu-Dong Shi博士合作,在美国实验生物学会官方杂志《FASEB Journal》报道了一项具有脑溢血治疗潜力的科学发现。实验发现,一种已知药物艾替伏辛(etifox

Plos One:如何处理社会规范违规行为与神经相关!

社会规范对于人类的社会互动很重要,违反这些规范的行为部分是由表演者的意图进行评估的。近期,一项发表在杂志PLos One上的文章描述了经修订的社会规范处理任务(SNPT-R)——可以研究成年人和青少年的有意或无意违反社会规范的行为和神经反应的一个范例。研究者们调查了受试人群(青少年和成年人,n=87)如何对不恰当和尴尬的有意和无意的社会规范违规行为进行评估,同时使用功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)检查

Neuron:你为什么会化悲愤为食欲?

为什么情绪会影响我们的食欲?近日,一向发表于Neuron上的研究发现,参与情绪反应的杏仁核也能够调控食欲行为相关的神经通路。

Mol Psychiatry: PTPRD位点在神经原纤维缠结的敏感性中的作用

NFT积累被认为与AD的认知衰退密切相关。PTPRD是蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶(PTP)家族成员。鸡和果蝇实验表明,PTPRD基因可以促进神经轴突生长、调节神经元的轴突导向。已经有报道显示了这个基因可有多可变剪接转录变体。研究中小鼠和果蝇实验所显示的PTPRD与记忆紊乱和Tau的病理恶化相关,表明了调节PTPRD的活动水平可以降低个体的Tau病理现象。

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