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Gastroenterol:一种驱虫药有望高效地治疗肝细胞癌

2017-04-03 生物谷 生物谷

作为一种与肝病和肝硬化相关联的癌症,肝细胞癌(HCC)经常在晚期时才表现出症状。在全世界,它是癌症死亡的第二大原因,但是迄今为止,它并没有一种有效的疗法。 美国加州大学旧金山分校计算健康科学研究所主任Atul Butte博士说,正如没有治疗方法的其他疾病那样,需要理解和治疗这种癌


转移性肝细胞癌,图片来自Yale Rosen via Flickr。

作为一种与肝病和肝硬化相关联的癌症,肝细胞癌(HCC)经常在晚期时才表现出症状。在全世界,它是癌症死亡的第二大原因,但是迄今为止,它并没有一种有效的疗法。

美国加州大学旧金山分校计算健康科学研究所主任Atul Butte博士说,正如没有治疗方法的其他疾病那样,需要理解和治疗这种癌症的数据可能明显地存在于很少进行过分析的数据库中。

作为Butte实验室的一名前博士后学者,Bin Chen博士如今是加州大学旧金山分校计算健康科学研究所儿科教员。他近期在Gastroenterology期刊上发表一篇论文,涉及利用数据分析计算工具来鉴定HCC疗法。

基因表达和药物靶标

利用公开可获得的基因表达数据,他首先获得HCC的分子疾病特征---研究了在癌变肝脏组织而不在正常的肝脏组织中上调表达或下调表达的274个基因。

随后,他寻找已知靶向这些基因的药物,结果令人吃惊地发现一种驱虫药的衍生物当与标准的HCC治疗药物组合使用时,高度有效地杀死移植到实验性小鼠体内的癌变肝脏组织。

Chen说,“我们发现在移植到模式小鼠体内的病人源性癌变肝脏组织接受6周治疗之后,这些患病基因得到逆转。”他补充道,他开发出的这种方法的优势在于它同时靶向多个基因,而不是仅靶向单个基因突变。

Chen说,发现疾病的分子特征,随后寻找抵抗这些特征的药物,是一种治疗病人的有前景的方法。这些病人可能每个人具有一组不同的癌症突变,而且可能对一次仅靶向一种突变的药物不作出反应。

Chen说,“在这项研究中,病人具有类似的基因表达谱,但不是完全一样的。在大多数情形下,癌症具有很多突变,而且病人会复发。我们的方法可能被用来控制癌症,使得它成为一种慢性疾病而不是一种致命性的疾病。”

开始发现一种新的候选药物

仅有少量药物对基因表达谱的影响得到分析,因此有些幸运的是,Chen发现了氯硝柳胺(niclosamide)。不过即便发现这种药物与这种疾病相匹配之后,他的团队也陷入困难境地。这种药物被用来杀死寄生虫,但是在这种模式小鼠体内不能很好地发挥效果,这是因为它是不可溶的。

仅在Chen团队碰巧发现之前的一项研究描述了氯硝柳胺的一种衍生物NEN之后,他们取得了成功。这种衍生物是氯硝柳胺的乙醇胺盐,在人细胞中是可溶的。当将NEN与晚期HCC标准治疗药物索拉非尼(sorafenib)组合使用时,他们发现这种肿瘤停止生长。

尽管已发现NEN安全地被用来抵抗狗和猫体内的绦虫,但是迄今为止科学家们并不知道它如何影响人体,或者它是否阻止人体中的癌变肝脏组织生长。

但是,Chen说,它是一种有前景的候选药物,它的开发成本可能是一种典型药物的一半或不到,这是因为他采用先进的计算技术来分析免费获得的数据。

Chen说,“鉴于我们的方法是在计算机上完成的,我们能够非常快地评估上百种候选药物。在发现这种驱虫药是有效的之前,我们研究了1000多种药物。这种一种非常有效的方法来发现药物。”

原始出处:

Bin Chen, Wei Wei, Li Ma et al. Computational Discovery of Niclosamide Ethanolamine, A Repurposed Drug Candidate That Reduces Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells in Vitro and in Mice by Inhibiting CDC37 Signaling. Gastroenterology, Published online: March 08, 2017, doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.02.039

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    2018-03-17 lixiaol
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    2017-06-05 许安
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    2017-11-25 xjy02
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    2017-04-10 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    涨知识,学习了

    0

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