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Nat Neurosci:在睡觉时减少恐惧记忆的新途径

2013-10-24 科学网 科学网

据物理学家组织网日前报道,美国西北大学范伯格医学院的研究人员发现了一种在人们睡觉时减少恐惧记忆的新途径。这是首次证明人类情绪记忆可在睡眠过程中被人为改变。这项研究结果发表在《自然—神经科学》上。 这一发现通过在夜间增加恐惧记忆的反复暴露,潜在地提高治疗恐惧症的白天暴露疗法效果。暴露疗法是一种常见的治疗恐惧症的方式,涉及到逐渐向患者暴露其所担心的对象或情况,直至恐惧消除。 以前的研究表明,在睡眠

据物理学家组织网日前报道,美国西北大学范伯格医学院的研究人员发现了一种在人们睡觉时减少恐惧记忆的新途径。这是首次证明人类情绪记忆可在睡眠过程中被人为改变。这项研究结果发表在《自然—神经科学》上。

这一发现通过在夜间增加恐惧记忆的反复暴露,潜在地提高治疗恐惧症的白天暴露疗法效果。暴露疗法是一种常见的治疗恐惧症的方式,涉及到逐渐向患者暴露其所担心的对象或情况,直至恐惧消除。

以前的研究表明,在睡眠过程中,可以增强空间学习和动作序列学习,但不知道情绪可以在睡眠期间被人为改变。西北大学神经病学博士后研究员凯瑟琳·豪纳说:“研究显示,这一新发现可以在睡眠期间用以加强治疗恐惧症的效果。”

在研究中,15名健康受试者在看到两张不同的面孔时,接受了轻微的电击。在他们观察每一个面孔而感到震惊时,同时闻到了一种特定的气味,这样面孔和气味都与恐惧相关。受试者接收到与每一个面孔相关的不同气味,如木香、丁香、柠檬、薄荷或新胶底鞋味。

然后,当受试者睡着时,与面孔相关的两种气味中的一个被再现,但没有相关联的面孔和电击。在进入慢波睡眠状态,记忆巩固发生了。豪纳指出,在芝加哥康复研究所的科学家也有研究,睡眠对加强新的记忆非常重要。豪纳说:“在睡眠过程中,这个特殊的气味再现,重新激活关于面孔的记忆,而一遍又一遍的重复类似于在暴露疗法中消退恐惧的过程。”

当受试者醒来的时候,看到曾在睡眠过程中显现并与特定气味相连的面孔时,他们的恐惧反应均低于对另一张面孔的害怕程度。

对其恐惧的衡量方式有两种:通过皮肤上渗出的少量汗水,或者与测谎仪类似、带有神经影像学的功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)。fMRI的结果显示与记忆相关区域的变化,如海马区;与情感相关的大脑活动模式的变化,如杏仁核。睡眠过程中,对于伴有气味的特定目标人脸图像,受试者大脑的变化反映出反应活性的下降。

原文出处

Hauner KK, Howard JD, Zelano C, Gottfried JA.Stimulus-specific enhancement of fear extinction during slow-wave sleep.Nat Neurosci. 2013 Sep 22.

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    2014-04-28 liye789132251
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    2013-10-26 lsndxfj
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    2013-10-26 tsing_hit

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