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基因疗法为攻克罕见病DMD带来新希望?礼来砸下1.35亿美元进场

2020-12-05 网络 网络

礼来与基因编辑公司Precision BioSciences达成一项合作,开启了对杜氏肌营养不良(DMD)基因疗法的布局。

礼来与基因编辑公司Precision BioSciences达成一项合作,开启了对杜氏肌营养不良(DMD)基因疗法的布局。

根据协议,礼来已预付了超过1亿美元的资金,且将对Precision的普通股进行3500万美元的股权投资。最终,Precision公司将有资格在每个产品的潜在开发和商业化里程碑上获得高达4.2亿美元的资金。在这项合作中,Precision将领导临床前研究和IND支持研究,而礼来则负责临床开发和商业化。

长期以来,DMD便是药企眼中的研发“深渊”,落得折戟沉沙结局的是大多数。而在礼来之前,辉瑞已经在2016年买走了刚融资5000万的基因编辑公司Bamboo Therapeutics。但直到今年5月份,辉瑞的研发在历经曲折后,才带来了好消息。

而现在,礼来也紧随其后斥资进军DMD基因疗法。

布局DMD,礼来看中ARCUS技术

据悉,此次与礼来达成合作的Precision,是一家位于美国北卡罗来纳州的基因编辑公司,其于2006年成立。而基于杜克大学此前的一项排名,Precision已经在私营基因编辑公司中名列前茅。2019年,Precision在美国纳斯达克上市。

当目前大部分基因编辑公司都将主要精力放在CRISPR技术上时,Precision则侧重于专有基因编辑技术——ARCUS。

据其招股书介绍,ARCUS衍生自被称为为归巢内切核酸酶的天然基因组编辑酶,其重新编程了一种在藻类中发现的I-Crel基因编辑酶。Precision表示,与其它基因编辑技术如CRISPR和TALEN相比,ARCUS技术具有优势。首席执行官Matt Kane更是称ARCUS“既灵活又精确”,避免了对其他技术可能发生的其他基因的“脱靶”效应。

据悉,ARCUS技术的核心是ARC核酸酶,一种类似于归巢核酸内切酶(位点特异性DNA切割酶)的完全合成酶。ARC核酸酶是使用一套专有的计算机和实验室技术创建的,以确保最大的基因编辑效率和最小的脱靶活性。

Precision称,由于ARC核酸酶很小,具有高度特异性,可以定制以识别任何靶基因内的DNA序列。此外,基于对相关模型生物体中切割活性的分析,还可通过优化ARC核酸酶以控制效力和特异性。目前,与其他基于第三方知识产权的基因组编辑技术不同的是,Precision还拥有ARCUS技术的专利保护。

而此次礼来与Precision合作,看中的正是其可以基于其ARCUS技术开发新的基因疗法。具体而言,双方将专注于DMD,以及另外两个未公开的基因靶点,利用ARCUS进行各种高效的编辑,从而实现一系列的治疗性编辑。

值得注意的是,此次合作也对Precision起到了推动作用,因为其在7月份刚失去了成为吉利德合作伙伴的资格。当时,吉利德与Precision终止了一项价值高达4.45亿美元的乙肝合作计划。

据外媒报道,礼来公司新疗法模式副总裁安德鲁·C·亚当斯(Andrew C. Adams)博士表示,这次合作是礼来在创新疗法上的又一里程碑。“Precision将利用新的治疗方式,例如基因编辑来解决以前难以攻克的靶标和适应症。”

DMD:药企眼中的研发“深渊”

杜氏肌营养不良(DMD)是一种X染色体隐性遗传疾病,为罕见的、不可逆的、致命的遗传性神经肌肉疾病。DMD在全球范围内的发病率约为1/3500-1/5000(新生儿)。DMD患者一般在3-5岁开始发病,症状最早表现为进行性腿部肌无力,12岁时失去行走能力,20岁-30岁时常因因呼吸衰竭而死亡。到目前为止,临床应用中尚无能够治愈此类疾病的疗法。

根据Grand View Research报告测算,2023年,全球DMD药物的市场规模预计将达到41.1亿美元,并将以41.3%的复合年增长率增长。但这个广阔的市场,却是诸多药企眼中的研发“深渊”。

回溯以往,诸多药企都曾在这个领域折戟沉沙。2016年,诺华的肌肉生长抑素靶向疗法bimagrumab(BYM338)在III期临床遭遇失败。从安进拆分出来的公司Atara的另一款候选药物PINTA745,在治疗终末期肾病患者蛋白能量消耗的II期试验中也遭遇失败。而早在2011年,Acceleron也停止了ACE-031的临床研究,这是另一种在治疗肌肉萎缩方面承的肌肉生长抑素药物,但在2013年也被放弃。

而随着基因治疗被提上日程,DMD有了新的攻克希望。礼来之前,辉瑞曾于2016年买走了刚融资5000万的Bamboo Therapeutics,而辉瑞看中的正是Bamboo的基因疗法管线。彼时,已有4个DMD新药在半年内接连遭到FDA的拒绝。

不过辉瑞进军DMD的路途并不顺利,其相继经历了临床试验失败,爆出安全性问题,直到今年5月份,在美国基因与细胞治疗学会(ASGCT)年会虚拟会议上,它才带来了好消息。

辉瑞公布的DMD基因疗法PF-06939926 Ib期临床的最新数据显示,来自9例非卧床(ambulatory)DMD男孩的初步数据表明,PF-06939926静脉输注治疗具有良好的安全性、具有令人鼓舞的疗效、可管理的安全事件。

截至目前,DMD 治疗市场仅有 Sarepta Therapeutics的Exondys51(eteplirsen)、Vyondys 53(golodirsen)、casimersen等疗法,以及PTC Therapeutics的Translarna(ataluren)和Emflaza(deflazacort),但这些药物的疗效同样备受争议。

基因疗法的进展以及仍是蓝海的市场,仍在吸引不少玩家进场。除去辉瑞和刚入场的礼来之外,已有两款外显子跳跃疗法获得FDA批准的Sarepta,亦正在研究新的基因疗法。与此同时,生物制药公司Ultragenyx则于上个月加入了这场竞争,其通过与Solid Biosciences合作,开发针对治疗杜氏和其他因缺乏功能性肌营养不良蛋白而导致的其他疾病,包括Becker肌营养不良症。

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    2021-11-04 珙桐
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    2020-12-07 syscxl
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    2020-12-07 紫砂壶
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    2020-12-06 ms1000000731495400

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