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很多科室都可以解决尿不出来的难题,我说的不是插尿管

2017-08-18 温机灵 医师在线

尿不出来,是很多老年男性可能出现的问题,在临床工作中,急诊科、普外科、肿瘤科、呼吸内科等科室也经常接诊到这类患者,这也是我作为一名泌尿外科医生经常被请去会诊的原因之一。虽然老年男性前列腺增生是最常考虑的病因,但是还有其他很多原因可能导致“尿不出来”。下面介绍几个在临床工作中碰到的会诊病例。

尿不出来,是很多老年男性可能出现的问题,在临床工作中,急诊科、普外科、肿瘤科、呼吸内科等科室也经常接诊到这类患者,这也是我作为一名泌尿外科医生经常被请去会诊的原因之一。虽然老年男性前列腺增生是最常考虑的病因,但是还有其他很多原因可能导致“尿不出来”。下面介绍几个在临床工作中碰到的会诊病例。

病例1:结肠癌腹胀无尿

会诊科室:肿瘤科

78岁男性患者,因为结肠癌入住肿瘤科化疗,入院当天12小时无尿,患者自觉腹胀明显,但无明显尿意,肿瘤科请我急会诊插导尿管。

查体发现患者全腹膨隆,呈蛙状腹,考虑不是尿潴留,建议做一个腹部B超,看看膀胱内是否有尿液,B超结果提示腹腔内大量腹水,膀胱内无尿。

分析:肿瘤晚期引起腹水,从而有腹胀的感觉,而身体内大量液体并不在血液循环系统内,无法对肾脏进行有效灌注,自然也就会引起肾前性的无尿或者少尿,这并不是尿潴留。

病例2:用药后排尿困难

会诊科室:急诊内科

65岁的男性患者,前几天患上呼吸道感染,发热伴有气喘,在急诊内科处方了××敏(含有马来酸氯苯那敏)。服用后第二天就感到尿频、尿急,排尿无力,尿不尽,到了晚上,连一点尿都排不出来了,膀胱涨得十分难受,又到急诊内科就诊。

这种情况热敷已经解决不了问题,我会诊时给他留置了导尿管,并处方了××灵(α受体阻滞剂,治疗前列腺增生的常用药物),嘱咐他停用之前的药物,过5天后再来拔除导尿管。

分析:××敏中的成分“马来酸氯苯那敏”具有抗胆碱作用,可使膀胱收缩无力,而尿道括约肌收缩力增强,加上老年人膀胱功能下降,前列腺增生,造成排尿困难加重,并引起急性尿潴留。治疗过程如果只关注前列腺增生,而没有停用相关药物,那治疗效果就比较差了。

这种药物引起尿潴留的情况并不少见,心内科用的硝酸甘油,普外科用的山莨菪碱(654-2),都有可能引起尿潴留,停药、热敷解决不了的时候,只能留置导尿管。

病例3:腰麻术后排尿困难

会诊科室:疝气专科

74岁男性患者,右侧腹股沟斜疝,上午刚刚在腰麻下做了腹股沟疝修补术,到了晚上8点还是尿不出来,下腹部热敷也没有用。

我去会诊时追问病史,原来患者有前列腺增生病史,近几天由于住院手术,没有服用治疗前列腺增生的药物。后来补服了药物也没有用,只好留置了导尿管。

分析:下腹部腰麻手术,往往由于腰麻影响排尿功能,可能导致前列腺增生患者术后出现尿潴留,围手术期继续服用前列腺增生药物,术前告知,可避免出现医患矛盾。

病例4:导尿失败

会诊科室:急诊外科

82岁的男性患者,憋了一天到了晚上还是尿不出来,只好到急诊外科就诊,急诊外科医师打电话来告诉我尿管插不进,我便带了一根F14的巴德导尿管去急诊。仔细一看,原来老人家是针眼样包茎,难怪尿管插不进。急诊做了个包茎切开术,就解决了老人家的排尿问题了,不用插尿管。

分析:门诊碰到很多老人,可能是包茎,或者尿道狭窄,但是一说排尿困难,医生往往只是考虑前列腺增生,而处方前列腺增生的药物,治疗效果肯定不理想。其实,除了检查患者有没有包茎,如果治疗效果不佳、尿线细,还要考虑尿道狭窄,必要时尿道镜检查扩张才能解决问题。

总结

“尿不出来”是临床工作中老年男性常见的问题之一,大多数情况下是前列腺增生导致急性尿潴留引起的,热敷、口服α受体阻滞剂,实在不行留置导尿管多数可以解决问题。

但是临床工作中还是要考虑更多的问题,长时间尿不出来,不一定是尿潴留,可能是少尿无尿。少尿无尿的原因很多,考虑的思路一般是:肾前性——肾性——肾后性。

肾前性:急诊碰到的休克、大出血、大面积烧伤、严重失水导致体内循环血量不足,或者心功能不全、低血压导致的心排血功能减低,导致流经肾脏的血液不足,都可以导致少尿甚至无尿。

肾性:临床工作中可能碰到的肾缺血,例如肾梗塞;磺胺、汞中毒引起的急性肾小管坏死;严重感染(败血症);肾炎;肾功能不全甚至尿毒症,肾脏功能本身的丧失,也可以导致少尿或者无尿。

肾后性:双侧输尿管结石导致双侧输尿管梗阻,前列腺增生、包茎、尿道狭窄、膀胱结石导致尿道梗阻,从而导致少尿无尿,这些排尿管道的梗阻,需要泌尿科医生会诊。

很多时候,单纯尿潴留并不复杂,因为插个导尿管多数能解决问题,但如果是其他问题引起的无尿或者少尿,那就需要区别对待,针对病因进行处理,必要时再请泌尿外科医生会诊,希望这几个病例能给你一些启示。

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    2017-08-19 戒馋,懒,贪

    超厉害的说

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=235009, encodeId=01d8235009b5, content=超厉害的说, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM7GibvIBibibnnnvpajk2stlDF5oichYahI6Bia8uxeTBFoPbdoHWebyXf9eal9FNgUF2lNcrwoZicM3BvQ/0, createdBy=a3742066385, createdName=戒馋,懒,贪, createdTime=Sat Aug 19 08:53:42 CST 2017, time=2017-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=234887, encodeId=646023488eed, content=看看了解一下,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=90f31612316, createdName=xiaotaiyang1, createdTime=Sat Aug 19 00:16:38 CST 2017, time=2017-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=234813, encodeId=fcb623481392, content=好东西学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Fri Aug 18 20:47:17 CST 2017, time=2017-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=234808, encodeId=ae71234808ef, content=讲解的非常好,值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Fri Aug 18 19:30:34 CST 2017, time=2017-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=234795, encodeId=b542234e9509, content=学习了。受益匪浅。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Fri Aug 18 19:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-08-19 xiaotaiyang1

    看看了解一下,谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-08-18 thlabcde

    好东西学习了!

    0

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    2017-08-18 虈亣靌

    讲解的非常好,值得学习

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=235009, encodeId=01d8235009b5, content=超厉害的说, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM7GibvIBibibnnnvpajk2stlDF5oichYahI6Bia8uxeTBFoPbdoHWebyXf9eal9FNgUF2lNcrwoZicM3BvQ/0, createdBy=a3742066385, createdName=戒馋,懒,贪, createdTime=Sat Aug 19 08:53:42 CST 2017, time=2017-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=234887, encodeId=646023488eed, content=看看了解一下,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=90f31612316, createdName=xiaotaiyang1, createdTime=Sat Aug 19 00:16:38 CST 2017, time=2017-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=234813, encodeId=fcb623481392, content=好东西学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Fri Aug 18 20:47:17 CST 2017, time=2017-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=234808, encodeId=ae71234808ef, content=讲解的非常好,值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Fri Aug 18 19:30:34 CST 2017, time=2017-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=234795, encodeId=b542234e9509, content=学习了。受益匪浅。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Fri Aug 18 19:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-08-18 131****1460

    学习了。受益匪浅。

    0

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