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JAMA Intern Med:营养支持治疗效果如何?

2016-01-13 Mechront 译 MedSci原创

在急性疾病期间,营养不良或具有营养不良风险的住院病人常予以营养支持治疗。然而营养支持治疗是否有效,营养不良患者是否能从中受益仍不明确。因此研究者检索了The Cochrane Library、MEDLINE、EMBASE等数据库中关于营养不良患者予以营养支持治疗的随机临床试验,对其进行系统回顾和荟萃分析。以死亡率作为主要结局指标,院内获得性感染、非计划性再次入院、功能恢复、住院时长、每日热量和蛋白

在急性疾病期间,营养不良或具有营养不良风险的住院病人常予以营养支持治疗。然而营养支持治疗是否有效,营养不良患者是否能从中受益仍不明确。因此研究者检索了The Cochrane Library、MEDLINE、EMBASE等数据库中关于营养不良患者予以营养支持治疗的随机临床试验,对其进行系统回顾和荟萃分析。以死亡率作为主要结局指标,院内获得性感染、非计划性再次入院、功能恢复、住院时长、每日热量和蛋白质摄入量和体重变化等作为次要结局指标。

最终研究者纳入了22项 RCTs研究涉及 3736 名参与者,纳入的RCTs研究异质性较高,整体质量较低,还存在不清楚的偏倚。荟萃分析结果显示,与对照组相比,干预组体重增加(相差, 0.72 kg; 95% CI, 0.23-1.21 kg),热量摄取增加(平均相差, 397 kcal; 95% CI, 279-515 kcal),蛋白质摄入增加(平均相差, 20.0 g/d; 95% CI, 12.5-27.1 g/d)。以下几个方面干预组和对照组无差异:死亡率(9.8% vs 10.3%; OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.72-1.27),院内获得性感染(6.0% vs 7.6%; OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.50-1.11),功能恢复(巴氏指数平均相差, 0.33点; 95% CI, -0.88 to 1.55点),住院时长(平均相差, -0.42 days; 95% CI, -1.09 to 0.24天)。干预组非计划再入院显著低于对照组(20.5% vs 29.6%; RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.87)。

研究结果表明,对住院病人予以营养支持治疗可增加热量和蛋白质的摄入,以及导致体重的增加。虽然现有证据表明营养支持治疗可降低非计划再入院率,但是影响不大,以后需要更多的高质量研究来探究该领域。

原始出处:

Bally MR, Blaser Yildirim PZ,et al.Nutritional Support and Outcomes in Malnourished Medical Inpatients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA Intern Med. 2016 Jan 1;176(1):43-53.

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    2016-01-15 仁心济世
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