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Health Technol Assess:尼古丁预负载用于戒烟 有效吗?便宜吗?

2018-10-27 吴星 环球医学网

尼古丁预负载是指在正常吸烟时约定的戒烟日前进行尼古丁替代疗法。其目的为降低吸烟的动力,从而减少戒烟日后对吸烟的渴望,而对吸烟的渴望为早期复吸的主要原因。既往系统评价得出非结论性和异质性的证据表明,预负载是有效的,但其作用机制的证据有限,并且无成本效果数据。2018年8月,发表在《Health Technol Assess》的一项随机对照研究调查了,尼古丁预负载的有效性、安全性、耐受性、作用机制、成

尼古丁预负载是指在正常吸烟时约定的戒烟日前进行尼古丁替代疗法。其目的为降低吸烟的动力,从而减少戒烟日后对吸烟的渴望,而对吸烟的渴望为早期复吸的主要原因。既往系统评价得出非结论性和异质性的证据表明,预负载是有效的,但其作用机制的证据有限,并且无成本效果数据。2018年8月,发表在《Health Technol Assess》的一项随机对照研究调查了,尼古丁预负载的有效性、安全性、耐受性、作用机制、成本效果。

目的:旨在评估(1)常规NHS设置中,相对于常规医疗,尼古丁预负载的有效性、安全性和耐受性;(2)预负载的作用机制;(3)预负载的成本效果。

设计:具有检查调解和成本效果分析的开放标签的随机对照试验。

设置:NHS戒烟门诊。

参与者:寻求戒烟帮助的人。

干预:尼古丁预负载为戒烟日前的4周佩戴21mg/24小时尼古丁贴剂。此外,最小行为支持用于解释干预的理由和支持依从性。在比较组,参与者接受等效行为支持。随机分组根据中心进行分层,并对调查者隐瞒。

主要结局测量:首要结局为使用Russell Standard评估的戒烟延长6个月。次要结局为4周和12个月的戒烟。评估了自基线到戒烟日后1周的不良事件(AEs)。计划分析中,研究人员调整了伐尼克兰作为戒烟后药物的使用。试验内分析评估了13个月试验入组相对于之前6个月比较试验组的医疗成本。基础病例基于缺失成本数据的多重插入。研究人员使用量化烟草保护中投资效用的欧洲研究(EQUIPT)模型,建模了吸烟相关疾病的长期健康结局。

结果:总计1792人符合条件并纳入到研究中,其中893人随机分配到对照组,899人随机分配到干预组。干预组中,49人(5.5%)过早停止了预负载,其他人多数每天使用。首要结局(即生化验证的6个月戒烟),在干预组和对照组中分别有157人(17.5%)和129人(14.4%)实现,差异为3.02%(95% CI,-0.37%~6.41%;IR,1.25;95% CI,0.97~1.62;P=0.081)。调整了戒烟日后伐尼克兰的使用后,OR为1.34(95% CI,1.03~1.73;P=0.028)。次要戒烟结局相似。严重AEs发生的OR为1.12(95% CI,0.42~3.03)。与对照组相比,预负载组额外4%发生中等严重程度的恶心。有证据表明,减少吸烟欲望和减少烟雾吸入可调节预负载对戒烟的影响。6个月随访期,预负载相对于对照的增量成本效果比为£710(95% CI,-£13674~£23205),但是预负载在12个月和长期时占主导地位,节省成本的概率为80%。

局限性:开放标签的设计可部分解释调解结果。结局评估不能盲,但是可通过生化验证。

结论:尝试戒烟前使用尼古丁贴剂预负载4周可增加成功戒烟者的比例,但是由于会减少预负载后伐尼克兰的使用,因此其获益有损。如果可克服后者的影响,那么尼古丁预负载貌似可以改善健康,降低长期医疗成本。将来的工作需要确定如何确保使用尼古丁预负载的人选择使用伐尼克兰作为戒烟药物。

原始出处:
Aveyard P1, Lindson N1, Tearne S1, et al.Nicotine preloading for smoking cessation: the Preloading RCT.Health Technol Assess. 2018 ;22(41):1-84. doi: 10.3310/hta22410.

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    2019-01-05 rgjl
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    2019-05-14 shizhenshan
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    2019-09-12 shock_melon
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    2018-10-29 dongjia2015
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1780203, encodeId=03151e8020377, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fc3e2893e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#asses#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2893, encryptionId=fc3e2893e3, topicName=asses)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8b48400, createdName=rgjl, createdTime=Sat Jan 05 10:34:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1861273, encodeId=704718612e3ff, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=401a23e102' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ALT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2371, encryptionId=401a23e102, topicName=ALT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccbd84, createdName=shizhenshan, createdTime=Tue May 14 07:34:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1652301, encodeId=975a16523016d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13d01e24509' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TEC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17245, encryptionId=13d01e24509, topicName=TEC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=852f24292001, createdName=shock_melon, createdTime=Thu Sep 12 12:34:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1569747, encodeId=ba6d1569e4784, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=49e0161680c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SES#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16168, encryptionId=49e0161680c, topicName=SES)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6fc215562628, createdName=dongjia2015, createdTime=Mon Oct 29 06:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1621762, encodeId=e37d1621e6239, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f1386329e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Health#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8632, encryptionId=5f1386329e, topicName=Health)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8d2020283215, createdName=yyanpro@28cn.c, createdTime=Mon Oct 29 06:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=350683, encodeId=5ef03506834f, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sat Oct 27 21:05:24 CST 2018, time=2018-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=350659, encodeId=10b23506592c, content=尼古丁副作用也不少, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160718/IMG578C993D395567540.jpg, createdBy=59b81918946, createdName=flysky120, createdTime=Sat Oct 27 15:45:17 CST 2018, time=2018-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1780203, encodeId=03151e8020377, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fc3e2893e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#asses#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2893, encryptionId=fc3e2893e3, topicName=asses)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8b48400, createdName=rgjl, createdTime=Sat Jan 05 10:34:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1861273, encodeId=704718612e3ff, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=401a23e102' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ALT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2371, encryptionId=401a23e102, topicName=ALT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccbd84, createdName=shizhenshan, createdTime=Tue May 14 07:34:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1652301, encodeId=975a16523016d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13d01e24509' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TEC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17245, encryptionId=13d01e24509, topicName=TEC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=852f24292001, createdName=shock_melon, createdTime=Thu Sep 12 12:34:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1569747, encodeId=ba6d1569e4784, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=49e0161680c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SES#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16168, encryptionId=49e0161680c, topicName=SES)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6fc215562628, createdName=dongjia2015, createdTime=Mon Oct 29 06:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1621762, encodeId=e37d1621e6239, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f1386329e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Health#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8632, encryptionId=5f1386329e, topicName=Health)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8d2020283215, createdName=yyanpro@28cn.c, createdTime=Mon Oct 29 06:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=350683, encodeId=5ef03506834f, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sat Oct 27 21:05:24 CST 2018, time=2018-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=350659, encodeId=10b23506592c, content=尼古丁副作用也不少, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160718/IMG578C993D395567540.jpg, createdBy=59b81918946, createdName=flysky120, createdTime=Sat Oct 27 15:45:17 CST 2018, time=2018-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-10-27 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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    2018-10-27 flysky120

    尼古丁副作用也不少

    0

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