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中国1型“小糖友”数量20年翻两番

2018-06-03 佚名 医师报

中国1型糖尿病研究组对2010-2013年中国13个地区1.33亿人的1型糖尿病发病状况进行了调查。该研究明确了5018例新诊1型糖尿病患者,其中20岁以下患者占34.7%。研究显示,过去20年来,中国15岁以下儿童青少年发病率增长近4倍,在年龄方面,0~14岁人群发病率为1.93/10万人年;15岁以上发病率随增龄而下降,15~29岁人群为1.28/10万人年,≥30岁人群为0.69/10万人年


中国1型糖尿病研究组对2010-2013年中国13个地区1.33亿人的1型糖尿病发病状况进行了调查。该研究明确了5018例新诊1型糖尿病患者,其中20岁以下患者占34.7%。研究显示,过去20年来,中国15岁以下儿童青少年发病率增长近4倍,在年龄方面,0~14岁人群发病率为1.93/10万人年;15岁以上发病率随增龄而下降,15~29岁人群为1.28/10万人年,≥30岁人群为0.69/10万人年。

翁建平:1型糖尿病合并妊娠综合管理正当时

中华医学会糖尿病学分会(CDS)前任主任委员,中山大学附属第三医院翁建平教授介绍,国际上日益关注1型糖尿病患者的妊娠结局,以美国为例,美国糖尿病妊娠管理计划对患者进行计划妊娠、叶酸摄入、血糖管理、糖尿病教育、饮食管理、胎儿监测等全方位的指导和干预,其中血糖管理是重点。从而围生期胎儿死亡及先天畸形发生率均显著下降。但遗憾的是,我们缺乏中国1型糖尿病数据,更没有1型糖尿病合并妊娠结局数据,也没有合适的疾病管理模式。

广东省1型糖尿病转化医学研究结果显示,大部分1型糖尿病适龄女性不敢结婚、育龄期女性不敢怀孕。1型糖尿病孕前管理知晓率低,仅15.6%女性知道需要计划妊娠。怀孕后存在多科分散管理所导致的“无人管理,无人能管”的局面。与国外相比,我国1型糖尿病患者妊娠结局差异较大的主要原因是缺乏有效的孕前、孕期的疾病管理及多学科协作。

翁教授介绍,我们于2015年4月25日启动1型糖尿病疾病管理和控制与妊娠结局关系的研究,探索建立1型糖尿病人群妊娠期多许可协助模式,以改善我国1型糖尿病妊娠安全。完成回顾性队列研究289例,并开展前瞻性队列研究213例。结果发现:61.8%产妇未出现主要不良妊娠结局。与背景人群比较,1型糖尿病围生期新生儿死亡风险和出身缺陷风险均显著增高。

翁教授团队还开展了前瞻性队列研究,探索建立多个临床路径并在前瞻性队列研究中实施。

第一,孕前优生咨询和筛查路径:孕期代谢目标咨询;孕前代谢状况及并发症评估;拟定1型糖尿病育龄期妇女适合妊娠标准;对拟怀孕者,转诊产科指导计划怀孕。

第二,优化孕产全程疾病控制与管理方案:孕期血糖监测SOP;孕期血糖控制方案:胰岛素剂量调整原则;围产期及餐后血糖监测SOP;围产期及餐后血糖控制方案。

第三,建立多学科协助模式:参与中心设立1型糖尿病孕产门诊;建立指导科学妊娠的生育指导方案和孕期保健体系;产科、营养科与内分泌科多学科协作。

第四,建立分娩后新生儿综合处理路径:不同孕期新生儿处置的技术标准体系;不同分娩方式新生儿处理的技术标准体系;优化围产期管理流程。

肖新华:新生儿糖尿病诊疗新进展

北京协和医院内分泌科肖新华教授表示,目前,新生儿糖尿病(NDM)的分子遗传学研究取得了突破性进展,其特殊基因突变类型正逐渐得以鉴定明确,迄今至少已经发现有21种与胰岛素分泌和胰腺发育异常有关的NDM致病基因,其中染色体6q24 异常和KCNJ11基因杂合子激活突变已分别被确认为是TNDM 和PNDM 的主要致病基因。

NDM在中国尚未引起足够重视,且大部分NDM患者仍被误诊为1型糖尿病,并给予终生胰岛素治疗。某些突变基因如KCNJ11或ABCC8基因杂合子激活突变引起NDM的患者,胰岛素治疗并不是最佳选择,口服降糖药物能更好地控制血糖并改善其相应临床症状,提高患者的生活质量和临床预后。

肖新华强调,NDM或6个月内起病的糖尿病患者,是一种特殊类型糖代谢异常,具有遗传异质性和临床表现异质性的综合征。通过建立有效的分子筛查机制,可以使部分患者获得最适当的治疗方式,改善其生活质量。

李秀珍:患儿的心理健康也不可忽视

孩子感到焦虑、自卑,受到歧视,被隔离,这些心理创伤不容忽视。”拥有20多年儿科临床经验的广州儿童医院内分泌科李秀珍教授,提出了临床诊疗中忧虑。她指出,从饮食到药物,再到监测方案都已非常成熟,孩子们也愿意配合管理。但孩子回到学校,怕接收异样的眼光,不敢告诉老师和同学,躲到厕所里打针、自测血糖,孩子们承受着极大的心理压力。另一方面,社会支持与关爱的缺失,因为生病而被朋友、同学疏远,同样影响着管理效果。

李教授呼吁,发动社会力量,组织有1型糖尿病知识背景、并关爱患病儿童的人,成立1型糖尿病志愿者团队,在患者需要的关键时刻出现,提供心理疏导与爱心帮扶,让他们感受到社会的爱与关切,坚定与疾病抗争的勇气。

社会力量齐参与

糖爸搭建“糖糖圈”   撑起一片蓝天

糖爸曾先生,家有病程6年的7岁1型糖尿病患儿。在6年与“糖魔”战斗的经历中,曾先生体会到了无限的痛苦与艰辛。为了抚平自己的不幸,帮助更多像他一样的家庭,在翁建平教授的帮助下,他创建了一家专门救助1型糖尿病患者的“线上医院”。

从2013年的1 型糖尿病患者的微信公众号,到针对1型糖尿病的线上医疗问诊社区软件,在国内1型糖尿病首席专家翁建平教授团队的指导下,集合中国所有1型糖尿病患者家属,帮助1型糖友们,帮助“小糖宝”走出人生中的困境。这就是“糖糖圈”的由来,它成为1型糖友共同守护健康的家园。

“我们一直在寻找突破,希望帮助更多的1型糖友找到先进的血糖管理方案,这也是我作为一个糖宝父亲所梦寐以求的。幸运的是,我们联系了翁建平教授团队,翁教授作为国内1型糖尿病领域的第一人,在他的帮助下,中国1型糖尿病患者健康发展,糖糖圈的未来,能够有新的突破。”曾先生表示,怀着这一份信任,曾先生多次寻求翁建平教授及医疗工作者探讨帮助。目前,已经开展了110多期的线上控糖讲堂,也建立了专业的1型糖尿病医护团队,以帮助糖友学习控糖知识。

翁建平教授也表示,中国1型糖尿病健康事业的发展,除了学术的研究努力推进外,也需要像曾先生这样有担当的社会企业家来推动,我对1型糖尿病健康事业未来发展进步,充满希望。

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    2018-06-07 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢

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    2018-06-06 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢

    0

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    2018-06-04 1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称)

    不错的文章值得拥有

    0

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    2018-06-03 清风拂面

    谢谢分享学习

    0

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    2018-06-03 天地飞扬

    了解一下.谢谢分享!

    0

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    2018-06-03 131****2916

    不错的文章值得学习到了

    0

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    2018-06-03 虈亣靌

    好好学习一下天天向上

    0

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过去一直认为,肥胖导致胰岛素抵抗,引发糖尿病。现在有观点认为,肥胖也许是糖尿病的一种应激反应,简而言之,因为糖代谢紊乱才导致肥胖。无论哪种认识,肥胖与糖尿病常常共存,减肥可以缓解糖尿病。

Diabetologia:糖尿病患者的代谢组学

近日,国际杂志 《Diabetologia》上在线发表一项关于糖尿病患者的代谢组学的研究。 代谢组学分析可以提供揭示与糖尿病病理生理学相关的代谢途径并改善糖尿病风险预测的潜力。研究人员前瞻性地分析了从基线(1987-1989)和事件性糖尿病到2015年12月31日的2939例动脉粥样硬化风险社区(ARIC)研究参与者和无糖尿病患者的代谢组学数据,使用非靶向方法测定他们血清标本中的已知代谢物。

Diabetes Care:糖尿病与估计的肾小球滤过率变化轨迹!

由此可见,糖尿病是肾功能下降的重要危险因素。那些患有糖尿病的个体肾功能下降的速度几乎是没有糖尿病个体的两倍。在诊断为糖尿病的人群中,在可改变的危险因素,包括高血压和血糖控制的个体中,出现了更加陡峭的下降,提示其仍是肾脏疾病预防中的靶点。

Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol:患有非酒精性肝病的糖尿病患者,其心血管疾病的风险增加

这是独立于DM的影响,最先研究NAFLD与CVD之间关系的荟萃分析。研究结果表明,NAFLD增加了具有类似DM的人群的CVD的风险。诊断为NAFLD的糖尿病患者可能受益于更早期的心血管风险评估,从而降低心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率。

Diabetologia:1型糖尿病遗传风险评分可以区分糖尿病的单基因自身免疫性疾病与糖尿病多基因自身免疫的早发性聚类

近日,国际杂志 《Diabetologia》上在线发表一项关于1型糖尿病遗传风险评分可以区分糖尿病的单基因自身免疫性疾病与糖尿病多基因自身免疫的早发性聚类的研究。 研究发现子宫内暴露于妊娠糖尿病的9至16岁的女孩的患者端粒长度减少。缩短的端粒长度是细胞损伤的标志,并且与氧化应激,慢性炎症和代谢疾病有关。研究人员假设妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患有心血管和代谢疾病风险增加的女性的后代可能会表现出较短

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