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JAMA Cardiol:GOULD研究结果发表,冠心病患者的更佳血脂管理方案实现了吗?

2021-06-17 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

在动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)患者中,脂质在现实的临床实践中是如何管理的?

降脂是降低血管疾病发病率和死亡率的最有效策略之一。低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平降低的临床益处已在他汀类药物、依折米贝和最近的PCSK9抑制剂的大型随机临床试验中得到证实。

然而,在临床实践中,无论是动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)门诊患者还是因心肌梗死住院患者,所有类别的降脂治疗(LLTs)的使用都不符合指南的建议。美国心脏病学会/美国心脏协会(ACC/AHA)和欧洲心脏病学会/欧洲动脉粥样硬化学会指南都已更新,以反映新的试验数据。

但在这些指南发布后,关于新疗法的吸收和LDL-C水平达到的数据有限。提高对低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和血脂异常管理(GOULD)的认识是一项前瞻性、多中心、观察性研究。该研究的主要目的是描述和跟踪美国临床ASCVD患者LDL-C治疗模式。在这份报告中,研究者描述了2年的主要结果。

GOULD是一项涉及多个中心的前瞻性观察注册研究。接受任何降脂治疗(LLT)的ASCVD患者均合格。2016年12月至2018年7月,患者被纳入3个队列:(1)目前正在接受前PCSK9抑制剂的患者和未接受PCSK9抑制剂的2个组,(2)LDL-C水平为100 mg/dL或以上,或(3)LDL-C水平为70至99 mg/dL。患者每6个月进行一次病历复查和电话访谈。对截至2020年10月5日收集的数据进行了分析。

主要结果是2年内LLT使用的变化。次要结果包括LDL-C测量的数量,LDL-C水平,以及两年来对结构化医生和患者问卷的响应。

研究最后共有5006名患者入选。2年时,885例(17.1%)发生LLT强化。在LDL-C水平为100mg/dL及以上和70~99mg/dL的人群中,LLT强化发生率分别为403例(22.4%)和383例(14.4%);他汀类药物强化治疗115例(6.4%)和168例(6.3%),依西替米泊强化治疗123例(6.8%)和118例(4.5%),PCSK9抑制剂强化治疗114例(6.3%)和58例(2.2%)。

在PCSK9抑制剂队列中,554名患者中有508名(91.7%)在2岁时仍在服用PCSK9i。在3768名患者中,至少在2年内测量一次血脂水平。

2年随访结果

在LDL-C水平为100 mg/dL或以上的队列中,LDL-C水平从120(108-141)mg/dL降至95(73-118)mg/dL;在LDL-C水平为70-99 mg/dL的队列中,LDL-C水平从82(75-89)mg/dL降至77(65-90)mg/dL。

在PCSK9i队列中,LDL-C水平从67(42-104)mg/dL降至67(42-96)mg/dL。在LDL-C水平为100 mg/dL或以上和70-99 mg/dL的队列中,2年时LDL-C水平低于70 mg/dL的患者分别为308例(21.0%)和758例(33.9%),PCSK9i队列中为272例(52.4%)。在2岁时,LLT强化和LDL-C低于70mg/dL有关。

在这项ASCVD患者的国家登记中,大多数基线时LDL-C水平升高的患者在2年内只显示了轻度LLT强化和LDL-C水平的改善,在2018年ACC/AHA指南发布后没有明显的增长率变化。在2年随访期间重新测量LDL-C水平的患者中,大约1/3的患者LDL-C水平低于70 mg/dL, 1/10的患者LDL-C水平低于55 mg/dL。为了优化ASCVD人群的脂质,有必要进行新的努力来促进LLT的增强。

参考文献:Cannon CP, de Lemos JA, Rosenson RS, et al. Use of Lipid-Lowering Therapies Over 2 Years in GOULD, a Registry of Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the US. JAMA Cardiol. Published online June 16, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2021.1810

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    2021-06-20 14775a26m11暂无昵称

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    2021-06-18 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

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