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心脏重症高血压管理共识:降压同时也不应影响灌注

2019-07-29 佚名 中国循环杂志

心脏重症患者血压波动大,容易出现高血压急症,如何更好进行管理?

心脏重症患者血压波动大,容易出现高血压急症,如何更好进行管理

中国医学科学院阜外医院张海涛和王文两位教授牵头制定了《心脏重症高血压管理专家共识》,据悉这也是首部心脏重症领域高血压管理的共识

对四组目标人群的七个推荐

心脏重症中需要控制血压急症的目标人群包括急性冠脉综合征、急性心力衰竭、急性主动脉综合征、心血管外科围术期合并高血压急症的患者。

共识针对以上四组人群,提出了七个推荐意见:

推荐意见 1:急性冠脉综合征合并高血压急症降压:目标应立即将收缩压降至<140 mmHg,降压同时不影响冠脉灌注,舒张压以>60 mmHg 为宜。

降压药物推荐浅镇静镇痛药物、硝酸酯类、β受体阻滞剂、乌拉地尔,不推荐硝普钠。

推荐意见 2:急性心力衰竭合并高血压急症应立即将收缩压降至<140 mmHg,以减轻心脏负荷、缓解心力衰竭症状。

降压药物推荐利尿剂、硝酸酯类、硝普钠、重组人脑利钠肽、乌拉地尔。

推荐意见 3:急性主动脉综合征合并高血压急症术前患者推荐 5~10 min内将收缩压降至<120 mmHg,并将心率降至<60次/min(主动脉夹层)。

推荐镇静镇痛治疗,降压药物首选β受体阻滞剂,如不达标可联用一种或多种降压药物如乌拉地尔、硝普钠或钙拮抗剂,避免反射性心动过速。

推荐意见 4:心血管外科围术期高血压总原则为术前应积极降压治疗,术后血压建议保持在平均动脉压(MAP)±20%的基线值范围。

推荐意见 5:主动脉综合征术后收缩压应<140 mmHg,如主动脉瓣损伤导致主动脉瓣关闭不全,收缩压可维持<120~130 mmHg。

推荐意见 6:冠脉移植旁路手术术前降压目标<130/80 mmHg,术后<140/90 mmHg,尽量保证MAP>70 mmHg 以保证冠脉灌注。

降压药物推荐硝酸酯类、β受体阻滞剂、钙拮抗剂、乌拉地尔,不推荐硝普钠。

推荐意见 7:瓣膜手术围术期血压管理无具体数值,小而薄的左心、大而薄左心、大而厚左心应保证灌注同时尽量降低血压,小而厚左心血压可适当高值,与术前相当。

降压药物推荐利尿剂、硝酸酯类、硝普钠或乌拉地尔,小而厚心脏瓣膜病患者也可选用β受体阻滞剂。

原则:管理以维持有效与最佳的血流动力学为基本原则

共识指出,心脏重症高血压的管理以维持有效与最佳的血流动力学为基本原则,最重要的是心功能与心脏的前、后负荷相匹配,避免高血压并发症的同时仍要保证重要脏器的灌注。

监测:首选有创动脉血压监测

对于心脏重症相关高血压管理的监测,最好采用持续监测方式,首选有创动脉血压监测,如条件不允许,也可采用间断持续血压袖带监测,并且最好在监护室中进行监护。

监测部位首选桡动脉,其次为肱动脉,如无法采用才选取股动脉、足背动脉。主动脉疾病患者推荐间断监测四肢血压,降压目标以主动脉内压力为准。

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    2019-08-07 懒宝宝

    请问有原文吗?

    0

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    2019-07-30 qingfengqishi5

    学习了,学习了

    0

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