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Cell:癌症标志:分离染色体的3D细胞环境

2018-08-28 小通 生物通

Howard Hughes医学研究所调查员Angelika Amon和同事发现从原生环境中提取的细胞很难正确地分割染色体。8月23日,他们的这项意外发现发表于《Cell》杂志,对试图在实验室环境培养人类组织的科学家来说可能是一个打击。

对于一些细胞来说,左邻右舍就是它一切。



Howard Hughes医学研究所调查员Angelika Amon和同事发现从原生环境中提取的细胞很难正确地分割染色体。8月23日,他们的这项意外发现发表于《Cell》杂志,对试图在实验室环境培养人类组织的科学家来说可能是一个打击。

这个结果也可以解释为什么染色体错误在癌细胞中如此猖獗,肿瘤可以改变细胞的外部环境,据Amon说,这些改变足以影响染色体分裂。

生物科学家习以为常地在塑料培养皿中饲养细胞,在这种条件下,肝细胞的染色体分裂格外不讨人喜欢。与正常的平均染色体不同,肝细胞经常落下一条染色体。



麻省理工大学的细胞生物学家Amon说,这种错误会扰乱细胞的遗传物质,使实验室培养肝脏具有一定的挑战性,而肝脏再生可以说是再生医学领域的一座圣杯。“也许没人能触及它,因为培养皿中的肝细胞已经变得如此混乱,无法利用,”她说。

他们的新研究暗示,似乎存在一种更好的办法。

他们与Whitehead生物医学研究所的细胞生物学家Kristin Knouse合作,将培养皿中生长的肝细胞分裂与小鼠体内的进行了比较。

正如预期所料,培养皿中生长的小鼠肝细胞出现染色体错误堆积,而体内并没有发生染色体分离缺陷。“事后我们再看,这就是科研界中‘开始只是出于好奇,后来却变成重大发现’的一个例子,”Amon说。

研究人员发现,来自小鼠乳腺和皮肤的细胞在染色体分裂上也表现出类似的差异——换句话说,染色体分裂取决于外部环境。

组织施加的外力有助于引导每个细胞内部的染色体。这种组织水平的调控“模糊了细胞自生自灭的概念,”Amon说。

说来奇怪,外部环境如何控制像染色体分离这样的细胞固有事件?Knouse说。在体内,细胞属于大型组织结构的一部分,它们不能游离出来单独活动,作为一种折衷的手段,也许细胞已经变得依赖较大的组织来发挥它们的内在功能了。

研究人员尚不清楚外部环境究竟如何影响细胞染色体分裂,尽管他们也提出了一些猜想:一种名为整合素的分子可以通过影响纺锤体附着,间接改善染色体分离。

这项研究还有助于解释癌细胞染色体数目异常的原因。肿瘤可以改变它们所形成的组织结构,科学家说,这种改变可能会引发染色体问题。“一旦你失去整条染色体,你就变得更不稳定了,”Amon说。“这种不稳定性使癌症侵袭性更强。”

更具体的影响是,新发现表明细胞应该在正确的环境下进行研究,平板细胞培养需要迭代更新了,因为有些细胞实际上本应属于三维器官的一部分。

原始出处:Knouse KA1, Lopez KE2, Bachofner M3, Amon A4. Chromosome Segregation Fidelity in Epithelia Requires Tissue Architecture. Cell. 2018 Aug 17. 

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    2018-08-28 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢作者分享!

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