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美国医师协会新指南放松控糖指标,临床医生怎么看?

2018-05-25 吴晞 复旦大学附属华山医院

近来关于美国医师协会发表新指南,推荐大部分成人2型糖尿病患者的糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)目标值为7%-8%。理由是,美国医师协会认为,HbA1c≤7%不能减少死亡和大血管并发症。但这与大部分现有指南不同,美国临床内分泌医师协会和国家糖尿病联盟指南推荐,大部分糖尿病患者的HbA1c目标值应≤6.5%,中国2型糖尿病防治指南、美国糖尿病学会和欧洲糖尿病研究学会推荐的目标值为<7%。临床工作中也常

近来关于美国医师协会发表新指南,推荐大部分成人2型糖尿病患者的糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)目标值为7%-8%。理由是,美国医师协会认为,HbA1c≤7%不能减少死亡和大血管并发症。但这与大部分现有指南不同,美国临床内分泌医师协会和国家糖尿病联盟指南推荐,大部分糖尿病患者的HbA1c目标值应≤6.5%,中国2型糖尿病防治指南、美国糖尿病学会和欧洲糖尿病研究学会推荐的目标值为<7%。

临床工作中也常遇到这样的问题,也有相关的业界大佬来问我的意见,毕竟血糖控制目标越严格,那么使用降糖药物和胰岛素的量也会越大,这对于药企而言是数以亿计的生意利润哎!

那么该如何看待此次美国医师协会新指南放松控糖指标?成人2型糖尿病患者能否从中获益?控糖目标放宽会增加成人2型糖尿病并发症发生风险吗?我整理一下我的观点,发表出来,供大家参考。

为何放宽控糖指标?

首先,对于这样的建议放宽糖化血红蛋白的控制目标对于实际临床中并不会增加糖尿病患者的并发症风险,因为根据流行病学调查,我们实际生活中糖尿病患者们平均的糖化血红蛋白控制水平大约在8-8.5%左右。所以如果真能够遵循指南建议的话,其实反而能够促进实际生活中糖尿病患者的血糖控制,同样还可能会减少并发症的风险呢。

其次,对于美国医师协会出台的最新指南推荐,目前临床上确实存在争议,因为目前美国临床内分泌医师协会和国家糖尿病联盟指南推荐,大部分糖尿病患者的HbA1c目标值应≤6.5%,中国2型糖尿病防治指南、美国糖尿病学会和欧洲糖尿病研究学会推荐的目标值为<7%,这与美国医师协会的推荐并不一样,并且还低了很多。

这些协会做出各自的糖化血红蛋白目标值的推荐理由当然是以一些糖尿病领域值得信赖的、大型临床研究作为依据的,比如我们大家所熟知的UKPDS、DCCT、ADVANCE等研究都提示糖化血红蛋白控制得低一些,确实可以明显减少糖尿病患者微血管事件的发生率(主要是眼底病变、肾脏病变),不过在这些临床研究中同样也发现至少在进行强化血糖控制的5年内,并不会看到大血管(心脑血管)事件的减少,甚至在ACCORD研究中还观察到糖化血红蛋白控制低的那组人群死亡数比一般控制组略高。

因此基于这些临床研究结果,目前临床上一直对于将糖尿病患者的血糖控制目标一刀切的做法是有争议的,虽然在美国糖尿病学会指南以及中国2型糖尿病防治指南中也提出了对于糖尿病患者的血糖控制目标应该个体化,并且对于如何个体化也提出了一些参考指标,比如年龄、病程、合并症情况、预期寿命等,但是这些指标个体化的推荐意见相当含糊,在实际工作中很难面对一个病人可以明确地告诉他究竟糖化血红蛋白应该控制在什么水平,所以这也是这次美国医师协会做出上调控糖目标推荐的理由之一。

我们要控糖,但是又不能让低血糖所伤,可是实际应用中,无论是多么安全的降糖药物,随着患者的血糖越来越接近正常,就会难免发生低血糖,而低血糖又是心血管的一大危险因素。

从美国医师协会放宽糖化血红蛋白控制目标,我们需要明确的是,糖尿病管控并不仅仅是血糖,而应该是全方面的管理控制,血糖、血压、血脂、生活方式等都需要注意,而且从最终延长生命、防止并发症角度,目前血糖确实太耗费我们的精力了,但是收效又太微弱了,所以还是应该回归病人本身的生活方式,由此入手来全面管控。

指南修改对药物的影响

接下来,我再来谈一下这次指南如此修改后对于各个相关药物的影响。

虽然无论是指南还是临床试验,直至临床一线医生,都一再强调生活方式管理是糖尿病控制的基础,但是由于人性本身的因素,再加上在中国进行生活方式指导并不能获得合理的服务补偿,所以对于中国糖尿病患者的生活方式管理往往会流于形式。

但是血糖要控制这已经是成为业界基本共识和公理了,所以很多临床医生和患者会依赖药物来控制自身的血糖,这也无可厚非。

不过,在使用药物的过程中,我们会发现一个问题:虽然理论上可以使用N多种药物来进行糖尿病的血糖管控,但是实际效果并不是特别理想。这原因一方面在于我们的生活方式管理基础没有夯实,另一方面也是由于药物在降糖的同时会导致低血糖发生率的上升,因此,无论是医生还是病人都不敢积极加量来使血糖达到像正常人那样的标准。

同样在药物的市场推广中,绝大多数降糖药物的药企会首先来讲述一个类似“血糖高很可怕——降糖可以有效改善结局——该药物如何能够降糖”的故事,这也基本成为了市场部组织的PPT基本套路。虽然不能说这样的套路是错误的,但是实际应用中会发现这样的故事讲得越多、讲得越顺,那么医生的思路越局限在单纯降糖的框架内。甚至会有很多医生对于调高或者调低血糖几个点乐此不疲,这简直就是眼中有糖而无病人!

糖尿病患者首先他要作为一个完整的人生存在这世界上,作为人的社会属性是需要他有相对完整合理的适应功能以及与周围环境人群和谐相处,这也是千百万年进化而获得的本能。但是一旦我们把思路限制在单纯降糖中,那么就会产生出种种不合理不人性化的用药方案:

例如药物或胰岛素非得掐准了时间——餐前半小时使用,差一分一秒都不行;再比如药物一定要和饭一同嚼碎服下,囫囵吞下就会影响效果;又比如用了这些药物就只能这样一日三餐吃东西,这当中哪怕突然出现的偶然饭局、零食都会严重影响到血糖,等等等等。这是人性化吗?简直就是法西斯嘛!

临床看到很多患者被医生所影响,其情绪深陷这样的血糖哪怕一点点波动都如同就要死亡一般,整天过得神经兮兮的,这难道是药物研发的初衷吗?

药物是我们控制血糖的有效工具,既然是工具,我们人就不能被工具所累,而应该利用工具使自己的生活过得更舒适更自由。

最近几年出现的各种新型降糖药物正是强化了药物对于生活的服务功能,比如DPP4抑制剂倡导了药物作用与进食脱钩;GLP1类似物引领了减重管理生活;SGLT2抑制剂推动了心肾功能保护等等。而且我们会发现新型药物都在往每天一次,甚至每周、每月一次给药方案方向发展,这同样也是尽量减少由于服药导致的正常生活节奏受影响,如此做法善莫大焉。

近来指南调高糖化的控制目标,其实是在提醒我们临床医生和病人,不要总把目光局限在那仅能带来一点点获益的血糖控制上,而更应该放远视野,看到糖尿病对于患者、社会功能方面的影响,这是一种人性化的进步。

以往我们总是过于关心血糖的时候,往往就会过于focus各种药物搭配方案控制血糖,而这其实只是雕虫小技而已,真正的大国工匠则是从生命的长河角度维护病人作为社会人的功能属性,大音希声、大象无形,这才是道的境界。

产品是用来让用户放弃思考的,因为用户一思考就会折腾死产品,如何定义降糖,定位降糖药物,现在你该知道了吧?

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    2018-05-25 中医痴

    不错的.学习了.谢谢分享!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1923354, encodeId=dcdc1923354a3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1408583e45d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58374, encryptionId=1408583e45d, topicName=新指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ac782500066, createdName=12498768m13(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Jul 25 12:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1554784, encodeId=d7731554e847e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=550522e2957' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床医生#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22729, encryptionId=550522e2957, topicName=临床医生)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=453f14553881, createdName=xiaoyeshuang, createdTime=Sun May 27 04:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=318481, encodeId=debe3184812b, content=不错的.学习了.谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdqKgfW3nMpOkC3jXxiaW2po0PtglY5ZuVjERqKADW4HyMI8bcZXWlKgH7tEP9ULBoBzuQMibia4pr1s9rQPqLvqQJ/0, createdBy=e8c02060444, createdName=中医痴, createdTime=Fri May 25 13:58:29 CST 2018, time=2018-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=318478, encodeId=f2323184e8bc, content=究竟能否用于临床?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Fri May 25 13:46:42 CST 2018, time=2018-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=318473, encodeId=32d03184e314, content=学习了.长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri May 25 13:41:34 CST 2018, time=2018-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=318459, encodeId=c4f53184594d, content=学习了.谢谢分享., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Fri May 25 13:19:46 CST 2018, time=2018-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-25 医者仁心5538

    究竟能否用于临床?

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1923354, encodeId=dcdc1923354a3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1408583e45d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58374, encryptionId=1408583e45d, topicName=新指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ac782500066, createdName=12498768m13(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Jul 25 12:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1554784, encodeId=d7731554e847e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=550522e2957' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床医生#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22729, encryptionId=550522e2957, topicName=临床医生)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=453f14553881, createdName=xiaoyeshuang, createdTime=Sun May 27 04:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=318481, encodeId=debe3184812b, content=不错的.学习了.谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdqKgfW3nMpOkC3jXxiaW2po0PtglY5ZuVjERqKADW4HyMI8bcZXWlKgH7tEP9ULBoBzuQMibia4pr1s9rQPqLvqQJ/0, createdBy=e8c02060444, createdName=中医痴, createdTime=Fri May 25 13:58:29 CST 2018, time=2018-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=318478, encodeId=f2323184e8bc, content=究竟能否用于临床?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Fri May 25 13:46:42 CST 2018, time=2018-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=318473, encodeId=32d03184e314, content=学习了.长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri May 25 13:41:34 CST 2018, time=2018-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=318459, encodeId=c4f53184594d, content=学习了.谢谢分享., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Fri May 25 13:19:46 CST 2018, time=2018-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-25 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.长知识

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1923354, encodeId=dcdc1923354a3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1408583e45d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58374, encryptionId=1408583e45d, topicName=新指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ac782500066, createdName=12498768m13(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Jul 25 12:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1554784, encodeId=d7731554e847e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=550522e2957' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床医生#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22729, encryptionId=550522e2957, topicName=临床医生)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=453f14553881, createdName=xiaoyeshuang, createdTime=Sun May 27 04:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=318481, encodeId=debe3184812b, content=不错的.学习了.谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdqKgfW3nMpOkC3jXxiaW2po0PtglY5ZuVjERqKADW4HyMI8bcZXWlKgH7tEP9ULBoBzuQMibia4pr1s9rQPqLvqQJ/0, createdBy=e8c02060444, createdName=中医痴, createdTime=Fri May 25 13:58:29 CST 2018, time=2018-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=318478, encodeId=f2323184e8bc, content=究竟能否用于临床?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Fri May 25 13:46:42 CST 2018, time=2018-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=318473, encodeId=32d03184e314, content=学习了.长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri May 25 13:41:34 CST 2018, time=2018-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=318459, encodeId=c4f53184594d, content=学习了.谢谢分享., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Fri May 25 13:19:46 CST 2018, time=2018-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-25 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢分享.

    0

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