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甲状腺呈胸腺样分化癌超声表现1例

2019-01-25 刘捷 章晓锋 临床超声医学杂志

患者男,39岁,因急性支气管炎入院。自诉反复咳嗽10+d,以干咳为主,伴少许白色泡沫痰,无发热、盗汗,无咯血、胸痛及声音嘶哑。体格检查:生命体征稳定,神志清楚,右侧甲状腺呈Ⅲ度肿大;双肺呼吸音稍低,未闻及明显啰音;心率100次/min,律齐,无杂音;腹软,无压痛,肝脾肋下未触及;双下肢无水肿。

患者男,39岁,因急性支气管炎入院。自诉反复咳嗽10+d,以干咳为主,伴少许白色泡沫痰,无发热、盗汗,无咯血、胸痛及声音嘶哑。体格检查:生命体征稳定,神志清楚,右侧甲状腺呈Ⅲ度肿大;双肺呼吸音稍低,未闻及明显啰音;心率100次/min,律齐,无杂音;腹软,无压痛,肝脾肋下未触及;双下肢无水肿。
 
门诊CT检查:右上纵隔见软组织灶,与周围组织分界不清,最大直径约6.0 cm,密度较均匀,累及气管,气管受压变窄。CT提示:右上纵隔软组织肿块。超声检查:甲状腺右叶下极及后下方可见大小6.4 cm×5.3 cm×3.2 cm团状低回声,内部回声不均匀,可见多发条索状高回声不规则交错分布,以中央居多,外周区回声较低;边缘尚清晰,形态不规则,呈分叶状,无明显包膜,后方回声衰减,包块向下延伸入胸骨上窝前纵隔上部,向外三面包绕右侧颈总动脉,向后紧邻椎体,椎体皮质回声延续光滑,向内明显压迫气管向左侧偏移,向上向甲状腺右叶浸润性生长,向前与颈前肌层分界欠清晰,相对移动尚可(图1);CDFI示包块内可探及少许点状及条状血流信号,以周边血流为主;频谱多普勒探及中高阻动脉频谱,峰值血流速度40.1 cm/s,阻力指数0.7~0.8(图2);双侧颈部未见明显异常淋巴结显示。超声提示:甲状腺右叶下极与右侧颈总动脉之间后方低回声包块,建议穿刺活检。
 
图1 CASTLE二维声像图
 
图2 CASTLE血流频谱图
 
免疫组化结果:Tg(少数+)、Gal-3(+)、CyclinD1(+)、CK19(+)、TTF-1(-)、ECAD(+)、P40(+)、P63(+)、CK5/6(+)、LCA(炎细胞+)、CD5(+)、CD117(+)、Syn(灶性+)、Ki-67(散在+)。病理诊断:(右侧)甲状腺显示胸腺样分化癌(CASTLE)。见图3。
 
图3 CASTLE病理图,甲状腺滤泡结构消失,见鳞状上皮细胞(HE染色,×400
 
讨论:
 
CASTLE是一种罕见的头部和颈部软组织的肿瘤,好发于50岁左右,发病率女性略多于男性;绝大多数发生于甲状腺下极,本例即发生在甲状腺右叶下极。该病病程进展缓慢,临床常以发现颈部无痛性包块伴或不伴神经血管气管等压迫症状就诊。针吸细胞学检查及术中快速冰冻仅能提示恶性肿瘤,无法明确诊断。其诊断主要依靠术后石蜡切片,光镜下可见纤维脂肪组织背景下上皮组织细胞浸润性生长,呈实性巢状、岛状分布,坏死少见。
 
免疫组化:降钙素与甲状腺球蛋白阴性、CD5阳性,CD5是目前CASTLE诊断与鉴别诊断中最常用的免疫组化标志物。本例超声表现为巨大团块状低回声伴内部多发条索样高回声,与光镜下见纤维脂肪组织背景相吻合。正常胸腺、异位胸腺等胸腺来源组织内超声表现常为多发条索状高回声,CASTLE内部亦可见多发条索状高回声不规则交错,而各分化型甲状腺癌很少呈现这种声像图改变,是否可依此推断肿瘤组织学来源有待进一步验证。该包块边界尚清晰,无包膜,与CASTLE分化程度较高、呈浸润性生长的病理特点相一致。
 
本例超声表现为肿瘤由甲状腺下极向胸骨上窝延伸,与组织胚胎学上胸腺沿双侧下颌角至胸骨柄连线下降的路径一致。另外,本例患者肿瘤内未见明显液性无回声区及钙化,与文献报道的镜下无钙化,坏死少见相符合。鉴于术前针吸细胞学活检及术中冰冻切片无法明确诊断,术前行超声引导下经皮粗针穿刺组织学活检是否可以起到提前明确诊断、优化治疗方案仍有待进一步验证。
 
原始出处:

刘捷,章晓锋.甲状腺呈胸腺样分化癌超声表现1例[J].临床超声医学杂志,2018(03):203+206.

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    2019-01-26 277837675

    讲解很透彻,与实际相结合,

    0

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甲状腺颗粒细胞瘤超声表现1例

患者女,16岁。因发现颈前无痛性肿物半个月入院。专科检查:甲状腺左侧叶触及一大小约3 cm×2 cm×2 cm肿块,质地中等,形态尚规整,未触及明显压痛。超声检查:甲状腺左侧叶中部探及一大小约3.4 cm×2.3 cm×2.0 cm的实性低回声结节,形态不规则,边界清,无明显包膜,内部回声不均匀,未见钙化,后方回声增强(图1),彩色多普勒于结节内探及点条状血流信号(图2),脉冲多普勒探及动脉血流频

JAMA:亚临床甲状腺功能减退症 全新Meta分析不支持常规使用甲状腺激素

亚临床甲状腺功能减退症患者使用甲状腺激素治疗的获益未知。近期大型随机临床试验的新证据需要更新之前的Meta分析。2018年10月,发表在《JAMA》的一项Meta分析调查了,亚临床甲状腺功能减退症患者甲状腺激素治疗与生活质量和甲状腺相关症状的相关性。

越来越常见的甲状腺内结节

随着科学技术的发展尤其是超声医学的进步,甲状腺结节的检出率越来越高。是什么原因引起甲状腺结节呢?让我们共同了解一下甲状腺结节的分类。

浙医一院的人工智能系统!检出甲状腺病灶概率高达98%

5秒钟,人工智能服务器给出诊断结果,对超过2mm的甲状腺结节,其病灶检出率高达98%;60秒内, 宫颈癌筛查人工智能系统自动出具初筛报告,远超医生5~10分钟的诊断时间……2017年,医学人工智能浙江省工程实验室落户浙江大学医学院附属第一医院,到目前为止,医院已经研发了5个智能诊断系统,并应用于临床实践。5秒钟圈出甲状腺是恶性结节,还是良性结节“在临床繁重的超声检查工作中,一位超声医生每天需要检查

当你的心脏出现这些问题 可能是甲状腺在作怪

心脏是我们人体最重要的器官之一,是我们人体循环系统中的动力,它会推动我们的血液流动,为我们的器官提供氧气和营养物质,并把身体代谢的终产物带走,维持机体正常代谢和运行

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