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Clin Trans Gastroenterology:不同亚型贲门失弛缓症患者的Cajal间质细胞数量不同且与预后相关

2021-09-18 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

贲门失弛缓症是一种原发性的食管动力运输障碍,其特征是食管括约肌 (LES) 松弛受损和吞咽过程中蠕动异常。贲门失弛缓症的患病率约为30/100000人。

贲门失弛缓症是一种原发性的食管动力运输障碍,其特征是食管括约肌 (LES) 松弛受损和吞咽过程中蠕动异常。贲门失弛缓症的患病率约为30/100000人, 患者通常表现为吞咽困难、食物反流、体重减轻和胸痛等。该病不仅给社会带来巨大的经济负担,而且影响患者的预期寿命。

贲门失弛缓症的病因尚不完全清楚。先前研究证实贲门失弛缓症的肌肉层组织病理学存在异常,其特征是食管肌间神经丛退化和 Cajal (ICC) 间质细胞减少。动物实验还发现,ICC 和神经元一氧化氮合酶 (nNOS) 的减少会导致 LES 和食管蠕动功能障碍。nNOS是一种抑制性神经递质,与肌肉松弛有关。

根据芝加哥分类3.0版本,贲门失弛缓症可进一步分为 3 个亚型。I 型的特征是贲门100%收缩失败并伴有综合松弛压力 (IRP) 升高。II 型和 III 型分别由至少 20% 的吞咽的食管加压和痉挛收缩以及 IRP 升高来定义。不同亚型的食管蠕动模式和预后不同,II 型贲门失弛缓症的治疗效果最好,而 III 型最差。考虑到贲门失弛缓症的不同运动分类和预后,研究人员假设贲门失弛缓症的不同亚型和不同预后可能具有不同的病因。因此,本研究旨在探讨不同亚型、不同预后的贲门失弛缓症患者LES肌层的组织病理学特征的差异。

本项研究共纳入 122 名接受经口内镜下肌切开术的贲门失弛缓症患者和 10 名因食管癌接受食管切除术的对照患者的 LES 肌肉标本。研究人员对标本进行苏木精-伊红染色以评估炎症浸润、纤维化和萎缩情况。然后进行特异性免疫组织化学染色以鉴定 ICC 和神经元一氧化氮合酶 (nNOS)的表达差异。

 

研究结果显示I型贲门失弛缓症患者ICCs的数量明显低于II型贲门失弛缓症患者,对照组的ICCs数量明显较高(I型vs II型vs对照组= 0.4 vs 1.2 vs 9.5;P < 0.001)。贲门失弛缓症患者的 nNOS 阳性细胞数显着低于对照组(I 型 vs II 型 vs 对照组 = 0.0 vs 0.0 vs 8.0;P < 0.001)。同时研究人员还发现贲门失弛缓症患者非复发组的 ICC 显着多于复发组(I 型:非复发 vs 复发 = 1.0 vs 0.1;P = 0.010;II 型:非复发 vs 复发 = 2.0 vs 0.4;P = 0.004)。

图:不同类型的贲门失弛缓患者的细胞数量差异

本项研究证实在贲门失弛缓症患者的 LES 肌肉中,ICC 和 nNOS 阳性细胞显着减少。不同失弛缓症亚型的ICCs数量不同,且与患者的临床预后有关。

原始出处:

Chen, Songfeng. Et al. The Number of Interstitial Cells of Cajal Differs Among Different Subtypes of Achalasia and is Related to Patients' Prognosis. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology.2021.

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    2022-06-05 bsmagic9140
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    2022-07-05 gostraight
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    2022-05-12 许安
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