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Alzheimer Dementia:瑞金医院新发现痴呆患者,癌症风险如何?

2021-09-14 Freeman MedSci原创 发表于威斯康星

AD患者可能有较低的几率患几种癌症,包括肺癌、前列腺癌和睾丸癌。

随着越来越多的老年人生活在社会中的人口趋势,人口中的疾病谱正在发生变化,非传染性疾病比传染性疾病影响更多的人。近几十年来,神经退行性疾病、癌症、血管疾病和中风(或脑血管疾病)是老年人的主要威胁。阿尔茨海默病(AD)是最普遍的神经退行性疾病之一,其特点是不可逆转的认知能力下降。据世界卫生组织(WHO)估计,2015年全球约有4600万人患有痴呆症,到2050年,这一数字可能接近1.52亿。

不幸的是,目前没有足够的有效疗法来治疗AD患者,而且该疾病的进展目前无法逆转。有许多与AD病理学和病理生理学有关的假说,例如,淀粉样β(Aβ)沉积和随后的级联导致突触损失,Tau蛋白过度磷酸化和随后的神经炎症,以及年龄依赖性的蛋白稳态损伤,但直到现在,科学家还没有就AD病因学达成共识

癌症,或称肿瘤,是全球第二大死亡原因。癌症是一种典型的增殖性疾病。癌症可能发生在人体的每个部位,有趣的是,癌症发生的区域偏好随着时间的推移而变化。对于65岁以上的人来说,肺癌、结直肠癌胃癌的发病率位居前列。

由于AD和癌症都经常发生在老年人身上,寻求AD和癌症风险之间的潜在联系似乎相当自然。众所周知,免疫系统功能紊乱在癌症的发病中起着重要作用,免疫细胞在早期阶段就会消灭癌细胞。另一方面,新出现的证据显示,神经炎症引发了AD的病理过程,对其产生了负面影响。

此外,大脑功能和肠道功能之间似乎存在着神秘的互动,特别是在病理状态下。微生物群-肠道-大脑轴的趋势吸引了研究人员对神经退行性疾病的关注。因此,人们对调查AD和消化道癌症的关联感到好奇。此外,有证据显示,高血糖会引发具有脂蛋白E(APOE)ε3/ε3基因型的中国成年人的认知能力下降,目前仍不清楚来自糖尿病对AD和癌症风险之间的关联有什么影响。

尽管许多观察性研究显示AD与癌症风险之间存在反向关系,但这些结果大多是在西方人群中调查的。此外,中国人口的疾病模式与西方人口的疾病模式有一定的不同。例如,帕金森病是另一种常见的神经退行性疾病,据报道,除了西方人群中帕金森病患者的恶性黑色素瘤发病率较高外,它与大多数癌症呈反比。相反,在东方人口中,发现PD患者的许多癌症类型的发病率增加。尽管中国人口是东亚人口和世界人口的最大组成部分之一,但在中国收集到的关于AD与癌症风险之间关系的证据有限。

藉此,瑞金医院陈生弟团队:探究了AD与患有或不患有糖尿病的癌症风险之间的潜在关联,并进一步澄清中国人口中的这种关联模式。此外,本研究为今后研究AD和癌症的共同和相互排斥机制提供了坚实的基础。

在这项回顾性队列研究中,他们采用多变量Cox比例危险回归分析来确定AD与各种癌症风险之间的相关性,以危险比(HRs)和95%置信区间(CIs)表示。

在8097名AD患者中,所有后续癌症的HR为0.822(95%CI,0.728-0.928;P=0.002)。其中,三种特定的癌症与AD有关:肺癌(HR,0.656;95% CI,0.494-0.871;P = .004),前列腺和睾丸癌(HR,0.414;95% CI,0.202-0.847;P = .016),以及淋巴瘤(HR,2.202;95% CI,1.005-4.826;P = .049)。

这个研究的重要意义在于发现了:AD患者可能有较低的几率患几种癌症,包括肺癌、前列腺癌和睾丸癌。同时,观察到AD与较高的淋巴瘤发病率之间存在正相关。


原文出处:
Ren R, Huang Q, Xu G, et al. Association between Alzheimer’s disease and risk of cancer: A retrospective cohort study in Shanghai, China. Alzheimer’s Dementia. Published online September 5, 2021:alz.12436. doi:10.1002/alz.12436

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    2021-09-15 junJUN

    老年人痴呆何药可用??

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1718059, encodeId=bf511e1805935, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8f0658433a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#dementia#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5843, encryptionId=8f0658433a, topicName=dementia)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=307e32501717, createdName=linlin2323, createdTime=Mon Apr 11 02:57:31 CST 2022, time=2022-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1921323, encodeId=52851921323cd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6bfa58133ef' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新发现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58133, encryptionId=6bfa58133ef, topicName=新发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=644e456, createdName=vera_1203, createdTime=Sun Oct 03 03:57:31 CST 2021, time=2021-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2009109, encodeId=7d4a200910909, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ed8e121172' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痴呆患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71211, encryptionId=3ed8e121172, topicName=痴呆患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e4aa106, createdName=crystal0562, createdTime=Fri Jun 17 09:57:31 CST 2022, time=2022-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1052753, encodeId=60431052e5371, content=老年人痴呆何药可用??, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=junJUN, createdTime=Wed Sep 15 08:57:31 CST 2021, time=2021-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1246283, encodeId=26971246283cb, content=老年性痴呆,未来还是希望借助神经电生理吧,也许更为有效!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=neuro.Dr, createdTime=Wed Sep 15 08:57:31 CST 2021, time=2021-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-09-15 neuro.Dr

    老年性痴呆,未来还是希望借助神经电生理吧,也许更为有效!

    0

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